Aeromed Flashcards
Hypoxia
results when the body lacks oxygen
Types of Hypoxia
Hypoxic, Hypemic, Stagnant, and Histotoxic
Hypoxic Hypoxia
occurs when not enough oxygen is in the air
Hypemic Hypoxia
caused by a reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
Stagnant Hypoxia
circulation is inadequate
Histotoxic Hypoxia
results when there is interference with the use of oxygen by body tissues. (alcohol, narcotics, poisons i.e. cynaide)
Stages of Hypoxic Hypoxia
indifferent, compensatory, disturbance, and critical
Stress
is the nonspecific response of the body to any demand placed upon it
4 Types of Stressors
Psychosocial, Environmental, Physiological (self-imposed), and Cognitive
Types of Psychosocial Stressors
Job stress, Illness, and Family issues
Types of Environmental Stressors
Altitude, Speed, Hot or Cold Environment, Aircraft design, Airframe Characteristics, and Instrument Flight Conditions
Types of Physiological Stressors (self-imposed)
D - drugs E - exhaustion A - alcohol T - tobacco H - hypoglycemia
Types of Drugs
S - self medication O - overdose problems A - allergic reactions P - predictable side effects S - synergistic effects (combinations of drugs) C - caffeine
Types of Cognitive Stressors
Musts and Shoulds, Choice or No Choice, and Failure to Focus on the Here and Now
Fatigue
is the state of feeling tired, weary, or sleepy that results from prolonged mental or physical work, extended periods of anxiety, exposure to harsh environments, or loss of sleep. Boring or monotonous tasks may increace fatigue.
Types of Fatigue
Acute, Chronic, and Motivational Exhaustion(Burnout)
Spatial Disorientation
an individual’s inability to determine his or her position, attitude, and motion relative to the surface of the earth or significant object; ie, trees, poles, or buildings.
Types of Spatial Disorientation
Type I - unrecognized Type II - recognized Type III - incapacitating
3 Sensory Systems
Visual - Vestibular - inner ear (otolith organs and semicircular canals) - Proprioceptive - seat of the pants
Visual Illusions
FireFireFire CRASH CSAR
FireFireFire
False Horizon Fascination (fixation) in Flying Flicker Vertigo
CRASH
Confusion w/ground Lights Relative-Motions Autokinesis Structural illusions Height-depth perception
CSAR
Crater illusion Size-distance illusion Altered Planes of Reference Reversible Perspective
Vestibular Illusion
Somatogyral Somatogravic
Somatogyral Illusions
The Leans, Graveyard Spin, Coriolis Illusion
Somatogravic Illusions
Oculogravic - acceleration/deceleration Oculoagravic - downard
Elevator - Upward
Prevention of Spatial D
Never - fly without visual reference Never - try to fly VMC and IMC at same time Avoid - fatigue, smoking, hypoglycemia, hypoxia, and anexiety Trust - the instruments
Treatment of Spatial D
D - delay intuitive actions R - refer to the instruments T - transfer controls
Myopia
nearsightedness; distant objects are not seen clearly
Night Myopia
slightly nearsighted individuals viewing blue-green light may experience blurred vision
Hyperopia
farsightedness; objects that are nearby are not seen clearly
Astigmatism
an unequal curvature of the cornea or lens. When people focus on poles(vertical), the wires(horizontal) will be out of focus.
Presbyopia
hardening of the lens, could result in cataract formation. Usually occurs around age 40.
Monocular Cues (GRAM)
G - Geometric Perspective R - Retinal Image Size A - Aerial Perspective M - Motion Parallax
Geometric Perspective (LAV)
L - Linear Perspective A - Apparent Foreshortening V - Vertical Position in the Field
Retinal Image Size (KITO)
K- Known Size of Objects I - Increasing or Decreasing Size of Objects T - Terrestrial Association O - Overlapping Contours or Interposition of Objects
Aerial Perspective (FLP)
F - Fading of Colors or Shades L - Loss of Detail or Texture P - Position of Light Source and Direction of Shadow
