Aerobic and Anaerobic Pathways (for finals) Flashcards
is a series of chemical reactions
that break apart fuel molecules and transfer the energy
stored in their bonds to adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) for use in cellular work.
Cellular respiration
Three different catabolic pathways to extract energy from fuel molecules:
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Fermentation
This process involves a sequence of 30 or more chemical
reactions, each regulated by a specific enzyme.
Aerobic Respiration
in this respiration, energy is released as fuel molecules
are catabolized to CO2 and water.
aerobic respiration,
One of the most common
pathways of aerobic respiration involves the breakdown of the
nutrient
glucose
what is one of the most common pathways of aerobic respiration
breakdown of glucose
4 stages of aerobic respiration
Glycolysis
Formation of acetyl coenzyme A
Citric acid cycle
Electron transport and chemiosmosis
end product of glycolysis
Pyruvate
it contains most of the energy that was present in the original glucose molecule
Pyruvate
in forming acetyl coenzyme A pyruvate molecules move into where?
mitochondrion
is the common pathway for the final
oxidation reactions of the cell’s fuel molecules—glucose, fatty
acids, and the carbon chains of amino acids—with the carbons
being released as CO2
citric acid cycle
also takes place in
the mitochondrion and consists of eight reactions, each
catalyzed by a specific enzyme
citric acid cycle
is a chain of electron acceptor
molecules embedded in the inner membrane of the
mitochondrion
electron transport system
where is the chain of electron acceptor molecules embedded?
inner mitochondria
in ETC what are passed along the
chain of acceptors in a series of oxidation– reduction
reactions.
NADH (and FADH2)
states that the link between the
electron transport chain and ATP synthesis is a proton gradient
established across the inner
mitochondrial membrane.
Chemiosmotic model
the protein channels occur within the
enzyme complex called
ATP synthase
(the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes) to the matrix (the
interior of the mitochondrion), where they are present in a lower concentration.
ATP synthase
uses the energy released by the fl ow of protons to produce ATP.
ATP synthase
The complete aerobic respiration of one molecule of glucose
may produce a maximum total of how many ATPs?
36 to 38 ATPs
energy is released from glucose and
other fuel molecules without O2
anaerobic respiration
it is when oxygen is not the final
electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
anaerobic respiration
Degrades glucose and other organic molecules without oxygen
Fermentation
Like aerobic respiration, this respiration depends
on the reactions of glycolysis.
fermentation
The final acceptor of
hydrogen in fermentation is an
organic molecule
2 common types of fermentation
alcohol fermentation
lactate fermentation
Yeasts (unicellular fungi) and certain plant cells carry out a
type of fermentation known as
alcohol fermentation
occurs when bacteria cause milk to sour or ferment cabbage to form sauerkraut
Lactate fermentation
in lactate fermentation what is used to convert to lactate?
pyruvate
lactate buildup causes —-
fatigue
muscle cramps
this is also used by humans to obtain limited amounts of energy
lactate fermentation
(unicellular fungi)
yeast
the end product of fermentation
Alcohol
contains a lot of
energy and can even be burned as automobile fuel
Alcohol
a three-carbon compound
lactate
contains even more energy than the
two-carbon alcohol
Lactate
produces a net profit of only 2 ATPs from one
molecule of glucose
Fermentation
how many atp is made from one glucose during fermentation
2 ATPs
