Aerobic and Anaerobic Pathways (for finals)

Question 1

is a series of chemical reactions
that break apart fuel molecules and transfer the energy
stored in their bonds to adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) for use in cellular work.

Answer 1

Cellular respiration

Question 2

Three different catabolic pathways to extract energy from fuel molecules:

Answer 2

Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Fermentation

Question 3

This process involves a sequence of 30 or more chemical
reactions, each regulated by a specific enzyme.

Answer 3

Aerobic Respiration

Question 4

in this respiration, energy is released as fuel molecules
are catabolized to CO2 and water.

Answer 4

aerobic respiration,

Question 5

One of the most common
pathways of aerobic respiration involves the breakdown of the
nutrient

Answer 5

glucose

Question 6

what is one of the most common pathways of aerobic respiration

Answer 6

breakdown of glucose

Question 7

4 stages of aerobic respiration

Answer 7

Glycolysis
Formation of acetyl coenzyme A
Citric acid cycle
Electron transport and chemiosmosis

Question 8

end product of glycolysis

Answer 8

Pyruvate

Question 9

it contains most of the energy that was present in the original glucose molecule

Answer 9

Pyruvate

Question 10

in forming acetyl coenzyme A pyruvate molecules move into where?

Answer 10

mitochondrion

Question 11

is the common pathway for the final
oxidation reactions of the cell’s fuel molecules—glucose, fatty
acids, and the carbon chains of amino acids—with the carbons
being released as CO2

Answer 11

citric acid cycle

Question 12

also takes place in
the mitochondrion and consists of eight reactions, each
catalyzed by a specific enzyme

Answer 12

citric acid cycle

Question 13

is a chain of electron acceptor
molecules embedded in the inner membrane of the
mitochondrion

Answer 13

electron transport system

Question 14

where is the chain of electron acceptor molecules embedded?

Answer 14

inner mitochondria

Question 15

in ETC what are passed along the
chain of acceptors in a series of oxidation– reduction
reactions.

Answer 15

NADH (and FADH2)

Question 16

states that the link between the
electron transport chain and ATP synthesis is a proton gradient
established across the inner
mitochondrial membrane.

Answer 16

Chemiosmotic model

Question 17

the protein channels occur within the
enzyme complex called

Answer 17

ATP synthase

Question 18

(the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes) to the matrix (the
interior of the mitochondrion), where they are present in a lower concentration.

Answer 18

ATP synthase

Question 19

uses the energy released by the fl ow of protons to produce ATP.

Answer 19

ATP synthase

Question 20

The complete aerobic respiration of one molecule of glucose
may produce a maximum total of how many ATPs?

Answer 20

36 to 38 ATPs

Question 21

energy is released from glucose and
other fuel molecules without O2

Answer 21

anaerobic respiration

Question 22

it is when oxygen is not the final
electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

Answer 22

anaerobic respiration

Question 23

Degrades glucose and other organic molecules without oxygen

Answer 23

Fermentation

Question 24

Like aerobic respiration, this respiration depends
on the reactions of glycolysis.

Answer 24

fermentation

Question 25

The final acceptor of
hydrogen in fermentation is an

Answer 25

organic molecule

Question 26

2 common types of fermentation

Answer 26

alcohol fermentation
lactate fermentation

Question 27

Yeasts (unicellular fungi) and certain plant cells carry out a
type of fermentation known as

Answer 27

alcohol fermentation

Question 28

occurs when bacteria cause milk to sour or ferment cabbage to form sauerkraut

Answer 28

Lactate fermentation

Question 29

in lactate fermentation what is used to convert to lactate?

Answer 29

pyruvate

Question 30

lactate buildup causes —-

Answer 30

fatigue
muscle cramps

Question 31

this is also used by humans to obtain limited amounts of energy

Answer 31

lactate fermentation

Question 32

(unicellular fungi)

Answer 32

yeast

Question 33

the end product of fermentation

Answer 33

Alcohol

Question 34

contains a lot of
energy and can even be burned as automobile fuel

Answer 34

Alcohol

Question 35

a three-carbon compound

Answer 35

lactate

Question 36

contains even more energy than the
two-carbon alcohol

Answer 36

Lactate

Question 37

produces a net profit of only 2 ATPs from one
molecule of glucose

Answer 37

Fermentation

Question 38

how many atp is made from one glucose during fermentation

Answer 38

2 ATPs