Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPL > Aero 3.0 > Flashcards

Aero 3.0 Flashcards

1
Q

About which axis is pitch?

A

Lateral axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

About which axis is roll?

A

Longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

About which axis is yaw?

A

Normal axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do all three axis’ intersect?

A

Centre of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

All motion in pitch, roll or yaw occur with what as the pivot?

A

Centre of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

When a bodies speed nor direction is changing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What states is a flight in straight and level at constant speed, equilibrium or not in equilibrium?

A

Equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What state is a balanced turn at constant speed said to be in, equilibrium or not equilibrium?

A

Not equilibrium because it’s direction is changing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Flying at what speed will you achieve maximum range?

A

Minimum drag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens if drag is increased when flying at minimum drag speed?

A

Range will decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens when you are flying at minimum power?

A

Equals minimum fuel flow and maximum endurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Time in the air equals?

A

Endurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Time to distance equals?

A

Speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Time to climb to height equals?

A

Rate of climb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If there is a small change to approach speed, what happens to the landing distance?

A

Reduces dramatically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

On a hot day on a high strip, what must happen to the tas?

A

Must be higher to obtain the required dynamic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is lift?

A

Resultant of all aerodynamic forces which act at right angles TO direction of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does lift act? Where does it acts in relation to drag?

A

Single point called centre of pressure

At right angles TO drag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is drag?

A

Resultant of all aerodynamic forces which act to oppose motion of aircraft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does drag act? Where does it act in relation to motion?

A

Acts through centre of pressure

Acts opposite to direction of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is thrust?

A

Resultant of all forces produced by propeller which act to produce motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where does thrust act?

A

Through single point IN direction of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is weight?

A

Total weight of aircraft and everything in it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does weight act and in what direction?

A

Acts vertically down through centre of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where is the centre of pressure?

A

At the intersection of lift and drag lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the Coanda effect?

A

Tendency of airflow to follow a surface with a gentle curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

In the Venturi, where will the highest pressure be? What will the velocity be at the same point?

A

Pressure low

Velocity high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is an aerofoil?

A

Structure designed to generate aerodynamic forces such as lift and drag when exposed to airflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the chord line?

A

A straight line joining the leading edge to the trailing edge. All other lengths are expressed as percentages of the chord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the mean camber line?

A

Line drawn from leading edge to the trailing edge so that it always remains equal lengths from the top and bottom surface of the aerofoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the maximum camber?

A

Occurs at the points where the greatest separation occurs between chord line and mean camber line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the boundary layer?

A

Shallow layer which is effected by friction with surface. Air goes over the aerofoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is laminar flow and for how long will it persist?

A

When airflow is slowed by friction but maintains a smooth laminar flow. It persists whilst aerofoil is thickening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

When does laminar flow give way to turbulent flow?

A

At about the point of maximum thickness aka transition point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What happens to drag at the transition point?

A

Drag increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

An aerofoil with a maximum thickness well back on the chord will experience what with regards to laminar flow and drag?

A

More extensive laminar flow

Less drag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What happens to the speed and pressure as air flows over the camber top surface?

A

Increase in speed

Decease in pressure on that surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

An aerofoil with a max thickness well back on the chord will experience what with regards to laminar flow and drag?

A

More extensive laminar flow

Less drag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is angle of attack ?

A

Angle between chord line and direction of relative airflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What happens to lift as the angle of attack increases?

A

Lift increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What happens to lift and airflow as angle of attack is at stalling angle of attack?

A

Lift decreases

Flow separates into chaotic flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What happens to drag as angle of attack increases?

A

Drag increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What happens to the centre of pressure as angle of attack increases?

A

Moves forward and lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is span wise flow?

A

Tendency to flow in towards fuselage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is a symmetrical aerofoil?

A

Aerofoil that has no camber.

The chord line is the same as mean camber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

When the angle of attack is zero, what is the coefficient of lift for a symmetrical aerofoil?

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is parasite drag cause by?

A

Shape of aerofoil and friction generated as speed passes over surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What happens to drag as angle of attack increases?

A

Drag increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What must drag be over come by?

A

Thrust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What lift drag ratio will there be for an angle of attack which produces the least amount of drag?

A

A poor L/D ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What lift drag ratio will there be for an angle of attack which produces max lift?

A

Poor lift drag as there will be high drag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What does the minimum drag coefficient determine?

A

The maximum speed of the aircraft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Where does the total reaction act through?

A

Centre of pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What does the centre of pressure do?

A

Distributes all pressure evenly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

A laminar flow aerofoil has the point of maximum thickness where and produces less sort of what drag?

A

Near 50% of the chord

Less parasite drag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

As the angle of attack of a cambered aerofoil is increased in flight towards the stalling angle, the effect on the total reaction is what?

A

Magnitude of total reaction continue to increase up to stall angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What should you do on the ground with a cross wind from the front right?

A

Right aileron up, elevator up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What should you do on the ground with a cross wind from behind and the left?

A

Right aileron up, elevator down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What happens to the aircraft when it is in slipstream effect?

A

Pushes left side of tail to the right, ie yaw to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

When is slipstream effect strongest?

A

When prop generating max thrust (full power at low airspeeds) ie take off run and climb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What are some design effects to eliminate slipstream effect?

A

Offset the fin so it produces right yaw
Biased rudder to the right
Offsetting engine thrust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is torque reaction?

A

Attempting to rotate engine in opposite direction to propeller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

In a clockwise rotating prop, what will it attempt to do to an aircraft in effect of torque reaction in the air and on the ground?

A

Tendency to roll to left.

Left wheel harder on surface than right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

How can you overcome torque reaction?

A

Setting left wing at a higher angle of incidence than the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

In a tail wheel aircraft, a pilot lifts the wheel abruptly and yaws to the left, what is this likely to be?

A

Gyroscopic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What is the asymetric blade effect?

A

Down going blade goes through greater distance, quicker than up going blade and therefore creates more trust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What sort of aircraft does asymetric blade affect? What effect does it have on the aircraft?

A

Yaw to the left on the ground for tail wheel aircraft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What is the ground loop?

A

When an aircraft swerves to either side unchecked and cannot be undone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Why does ground looping occur?

A

Larger keel surface behind centre of gravity for tailwheel aircraft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

With ground looping, which direction does inertia go?

A

In direction of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

When is wheelbarrowing likely to occur?

A

With excessive forward pressure and high speed on ground run

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What must an aircraft do if the air density is low during take off run?

A

Must have higher TAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What is skin friction?

A

Air ‘sticking’ to surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What is form drag?

A

Air getting out of the way as aircraft moves forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Can you reduce form drag? If so how?

A

Yes, by changing the shape of moving object (streamlining)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What is induced drag?

A

Drag as a result of lift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Air attempts to move from what pressure to what pressure?

A

Higher pressure under the wing to lower pressure above the wing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

What does the air moving from lower pressure below the wing to higher pressure about the wing generally cause?

A

Wing tip vortices and trailing edge eddies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

How can you reduce induced drag?

A

Keeping the wing tip as small as possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What sort of drag will there be with a low aspect ratio wing?

A

High induced drag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

When does parasite drag increase?

A

With higher speeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

What sort of drag will there be with a high aspect ratio wing?

A

Low induced drag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

What is a low aspect ratio wing?

A

Short and fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

What is a high aspect ratio wing?

A

Long and thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

In level flight, what must lift equal?

A

Weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

When is wing tip vortices greatest, high or low speed?

A

Low speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

If two wings were identical in every respect except for the aspect ratio, which aspect ratio would produce the greatest lift for same angle of attack and airspeed?

A

Wing with the higher aspect ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

If two wings were identical in every respect except for the aspect ratio, which aspect ratio would require a larger angle of attack?

A

The low aspect ratio wing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Which type of aspect ratio wing produces less vortex activity?

A

Higher aspect ratio wings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

What will an aircraft following a large heavy aircraft experience in effect of wake turbulence

A

Strong tendency to roll or yaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

What direction is rotation from left wing and right wing behind the vortices?

A

Left wing - clockwise

Right wing - anti clockwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

What rate does wake turbulence sink behind an aircraft?

A

400 to 500 feet per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

What level does wake turbulence tend to stabilise?

A

900 feet below aircraft and close to the ground (about 200 feet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

Once stabilised, what area of sky does wake turbulence tend to occupy?

A

Two wingspans horizontally by one wingspan vertically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

Once close to the ground and stopped sinking, what does wake turbulence tend to do?

A

Drift out laterally outwards at about 3 to 4 knots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

How can aircraft behind a large heavy aircraft avoid the wake turbulence?

A

Fly more than 1000 feet below
Remain at or above generating aircrafts level
Remain upwind of aircraft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

A 3 to 4 knot crosswind will do what to the wake turbulence?

A

Cause the upwind vortex to persist in the vicinity of the runway longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

When does wake turbulence begin and cease?

A

Begin at lift off

Cease at touchdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

What will an approach in a light quartering tail wind do to wake turbulence?

A

Causes it to drift down beyond the touchdown point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

A heavy aircraft carrying out a missed approach, what will happen with wake turbulence?

A

Wake turbulence for entire length of runway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

What sort of flying configuration will cause the most wake turbulence

A

Slow flying wing with flaps up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

What separation should a light aircraft landing after departing heavy aircraft for wake turbulence?

A

3 mins of 6nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

What separation should a light aircraft landing in the opposite direction to a departing heavy aircraft?

A

2 mins or 6nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

What separation should a light aircraft taking off after departing heavy aircraft?

A

2 mins or 6nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

What separation should a light aircraft taking off from an intersection more than 150m from the heavy aircrafts commencement of take-off run?

A

3 mins or 6nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

What distance can helicopter rotor down wash on a light aircraft be?

A

Three rotor diameters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

What does the amount of thrust depend on?

A

Mass of air being accelerated

Velocity change imparted to that air by prop disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

When is thrust highest, when forward speed is highest or lowest?

A

Lowest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

What happens to thrust as speed increases?

A

It decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

In level flight, what must thrust equal at any speed?

A

Drag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

With full throttle applied at low speed, what is the thrust?

A

High

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

What will flying at max surplus thrust achieve?

A

The max angle of climb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

What does flying at max surplus power achieve?

A

The max rate of climb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

What will you achieve if you fly at the speed for minimum power?

A

Minimum fuel flow and therefore max endurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

What happens if you fly below the max endurance speed?

A

You are flying in the region of reverse command.

Extra power is required to prevent continuous drop in speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
116
Q

What will flying at minimum thrust speed have you at?

A

Minimum drag and therefore max range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
117
Q

As speed is increased from the stalling speed to maximum cruising speed in straight and level flight, what happens to induced drag?

A

Decreases continuously

118
Q

As speed is decreased from the maximum cruising speed to stalling speed in straight and level flight, what happens to parasite drag?

A

Decreases continuously

119
Q

As speed is increased from the stalling speed to maximum cruising speed in straight and level flight, what happens to total drag?

A

Decreases then increases

120
Q

What speed gives you the least amount of total drag in level flight?

A

Speed which produces best lift/drag ratio

121
Q

Design features such as high aspect ratio wings, wash out and taper have the effect of increasing the aircrafts what?

A

Maximum lift/drag ratio

122
Q

The greatest amount of induced drag would be produced by applying what with regards to angle of attack and speed?

A

High angle of attack and high speed

123
Q

In level flight induced drag is inversely or directly proportional to weight and speed?

A

Directly proportional to weight

Inversely proportional to speed

124
Q

What speed produces the best lift/drag ratio angle of attack in level flight?

A

Minimum thrust

125
Q

P factor is greatest when what is applied to angle of attack and power?

A

High angles of attack with high power

126
Q

What effect and direction does torque have on the aircraft?

A

Roll opposite to prop rotation

127
Q

Application of high power with low air speed is accompanied by what phenomena and affect on the aircraft?

A

Engine torque and roll opposite to prop rotation

128
Q

In a piston aircraft, max rate of climb at given weight is governed by?

A

Excess power

129
Q

If more power is required to maintain altitude when IAS is reduced, the aeroplane is flying at what speed?

A

Max endurance speed

130
Q

If indicated airspeed is progressively reduced during level flight, induced drag will?

A

Increase continuously

131
Q

If the approach speed of an aircraft is in the region of reverse command, a reduction in IAS will require what with nose attitude and power?

A

Higher nose attitude

Increase in power

132
Q

In level flight, if speed is reduced, what action is required to maintain level flight?

A

Increase in angle of attack

133
Q

In level flight, if speed is increased, what action is required to maintain level flight?

A

Decrease in angle of attack

134
Q

What happens to maximum range in a head wind? What about in a tailwind?

A

Range reduced in a headwind

Range increases in a tailwind

135
Q

In a headwind, how do you achieve best range?

A

Fly at a speed faster than the minimum drag speed

136
Q

In a tailwind, how do you achieve best range?

A

Fly at a speed slower than the minimum drag speed

137
Q

What effect will heavier weight have on best range?

A

Reduce it

138
Q

What are other terms for maximum range?

A 
Minimum total drag
Best lift/drag ratio
Best glide
Minimum thrust
Best air nm per gallon
139
Q

What do you need to do with regards to angle of attack and speed if weight is increased to achieve maximum range?

A

Fly at speed which produces minimum drag (this will be at a higher speed)
Same angle of attack

140
Q

What theoretically is the best height to achieve maximum range?

A

Full throttle height

141
Q

What affect does wind have on max endurance?

A

None

142
Q

What affect does increase in weight have on max endurance? Why?

A

Reduced endurance.

Because with increase weight requires increase in power and therefore increase in fuel flow.

143
Q

What height and RPM setting should be used for maximum endurance?

A

Low as possible

RPM as slow as possible

144
Q

What is higher, max range speed or max endurance speed?

A

Max range speed

145
Q

What is higher, minimum drag or minimum power speed?

A

Minimum drag speed

146
Q

What affect does deploying the flaps have on the lift/drag ratio?

A

Reduce lift drag ratio

Generates more lift and drag at every angle of attack

147
Q

What are slats and what do they do?

A

Small auxiliary aerofoil ahead of wings leading edge Increase the maximum lift coefficient (only at higher angles of attack)
Delay the stall
Allow wing to operate at higher angle of attack

148
Q

What is the gap between a wing and a slat called?

A

Slots

149
Q

When are slats effective?

A

Only at high angles of attack

150
Q

What do wing fences do?

A

Barrier which straightens span wise flow near the top and allows air to follow correct path over wing

151
Q

What do wing fences do to aircraft performance?

A

Improves the wings performance and allows slower approach speeds

152
Q

What do vortex generators do?

A

Delay flow reversal and seperation.
Generates additional lift
Delays stall
Improves airflow over control surfaces

153
Q

What are the benefits of vortex generators

A

Lower lift off speed
Lower stall speed
Improved controllability
Improved low speed characteristics

154
Q

An aircraft of a certain weight is flown at 150kt IAS at 1000 feet. If the same aircraft was flown at 150kt IAS at 20000 feet, the angle of attack required to maintain level flight would be what?

A

The same

155
Q

Devices such as slats, slotted flaps and vortex generators act to modify behaviour of what?

A

Boundary layer

156
Q

Two aircraft identical in every aspect except for gross weight to achieve max range in nil wind conditions, what speed should the heavy aircraft fly in comparison to the lighter one?

A

Heavy aircraft should fly faster than the light one

157
Q

For an aircraft at a particular gross weight to maintain level flight at a particular height and IAS, a particular power setting is required. If gross weight is increased, what must happen to angle of attack and power setting?

A

Larger angle of attack and more power

158
Q

What happens to lift and drag as flaps are lowered in flight?

A

Lift and drag both increase

159
Q

An aircraft is in straight and level flight at constant power. As weight reduced with fuel burnoff, level flight may be maintain by doing what to IAS and angle of attack?

A

Increase IAS

Lower nose

160
Q

The S in coefficient of lift stand for?

A

Maximum plan area of the wing

161
Q

The p in lift formula stands for?

A

Mass of a unit volume of air

162
Q

1/2pv squared is associated with what speed?

A

IAS

163
Q

At a constant throttle setting and constant IAS what happens to ROC and ground speed if nil wind?

A

ROC decreasing

GS increasing

164
Q

In a climb, what are the forces with regards to thrust, drag, lift and weight?

A

Thrust is greater than drag

Weight is greater than lift

165
Q

What setting should you use to achieve max rate of climb?

A

Speed which provides max surplus power

166
Q

What happens to the power as height increases?

A

Power available decreases

167
Q

What is the height where no surplus power is available?

A

Absolute ceiling

168
Q

As weight increases, what power is required to maintain level flight?

A

Power increase

169
Q

What setting should you use to achieve max angle of climb?

A

Max surplus thrust

170
Q

What affect does headwind have on rate of climb?

A

No effect. it will gain same height as in no wind, but would have reduced horizontal distance covered

171
Q

What affect does head wind have on angle of climb?

A

Increases it

172
Q

When is ground effect likely to take place?

A

Roughly one wing span down to ground

173
Q

What will happen to an aircraft in ground effect ?

A

Nose down pitch and increase in longitudinal stability
IAS and altimeter indication to decrease (over read)
Decrease in induced drag

174
Q

When an aircraft leave ground effect, what is likely to happen?

A

Nose up pitch and decrease in longitudinal stability

175
Q

What happens to forces in a descent?

A

Lift is less than weight

Thrust is less than drag

176
Q

To achieve maximum glide range in a head wind, what do you need to do?

A

Fly at a speed faster than best lift/drag ratio speed

177
Q

To achieve maximum glide range in a tail wind, what do you need to do?

A

Fly at a speed slower than best lift/drag ratio speed

178
Q

Two aircraft both flying at best lift/drag ratio speed in a head wind but one is much heavier, which one goes further?

A

Heavier one

179
Q

If nose attitude and power are kept constant but there is a sudden drop in headwind (ie tailwind) what happens to IAS and lift?

A

Decrease in IAS and lift

180
Q

If nose attitude and power are kept constant but there is a sudden increase in headwind what happens to IAS and lift?

A

Increase in IAS and lift

181
Q

For an aircraft in a turn, how do you generate more centripetal force?

A

Bank the wings

182
Q

If the aircraft is to remain level during a turn what must the vertical component of lift equal?

A

Weight

183
Q

Increasing your speed with the same bank angle will result in what?

A

A larger radius

184
Q

Flying at the same speed with more bank will result in what?

A

A smaller radius

185
Q

What happens to the stall IAS during a turn?

A

Increases with the square root of load factor

186
Q

What is the load in a 60 degree turn?

A

2G

187
Q

What is the load in a 70 degree turn?

A

3G

188
Q

If the TAS increases and angle of bank is kept constant what happens to rate and radius of turn?

A

Radius of turn increases

Rate of turn decreases

189
Q

If the TAS decreases and the angle of bank is kept constant, what happens to rate and radius of turn?

A

Radius of turn decreases

Rate of turn increases

190
Q

If bank is increased while TAS is kept constant, what happens to rate and radius of turn?

A

Radius of turn decreases

Rate of turn increases

191
Q

If turn aircraft, one heavy and one light, are travelling at the same TAS and turn at same angle of bank, what will radius of turn be?

A

The same

192
Q

What is the angle of bank required for a rate one turn formula?

A

(TAS / 10) + 7

193
Q

When does pilot experience illusion of skidding out of turn?

A

When turning from downwind to upwind

194
Q

When does the pilot experience illusion of slipping into the turn?

A

Turning upwind to downwind

195
Q

In a climbing turn, if the aircraft stalls, which wing is likely to stall first?

A

The outside wing

196
Q

To maintain same angle of bank during turn, what must happen?

A

Must continually be rolled out of turn with opposite aileron

197
Q

Increased weight does what to rate and angle of climb?

A

Reduces it

198
Q

Reduced density does what to angle and rate of climb?

A

Reduces it

199
Q

What does a decrease in IAS do to max angle of climb if climbing at recommended IAS to achieve max angle of climb?

A

Reduce angle of climb

200
Q

During an approach what is the effect of a sudden decrease in headwind component on IAS and rate of descent?

A

IAS decreases

Rate of would increase

201
Q

Partial extension of flap will result in what with regards to rate and angle of descent?

A

Increase rate and angle of descent

202
Q

If nose attitude and power are kept constant, a sudden decrease in headwind during final will result in what with IAS and gliding angle?

A

Decrease IAS

Increase in gliding angle

203
Q

The limit to the rate of turn that can be achieved by a typical general aviation aircraft is?

A

The amount of power available for engines

204
Q

What is Va

A

Max control deflection speed

205
Q

If power is increased during a turn while maintaining stalling angle of attack, what happens to radius and rate of turn?

A

Radius stays the same

Rate will increase

206
Q

While maintaining a turn with a constant bank angle, speed is increased. What happens to radius of turn, rate of turn and the back pressure / angle of attack and lift?

A

Radius would increase
Rate would decrease
Need to decrease back pressure/reduce angle of attack
Lift remains the same

207
Q

What happens to the coefficient of lift as angle of attack increases?

A

Increases

208
Q

What does increasing weight do to stalling IAS?

A

Stall occurs at higher IAS

209
Q

What does increasing the load do to stalling IAS?

A

Stall occurs at higher IAS

210
Q

What does increasing power do to stalling IAS?

A

Decrease it

211
Q

What does deploying flaps do to the stalling IAS?

A

Lowers the stall IAS

212
Q

What does damage and ice on the wings do to stalling IAS?

A

Increases the stall IAS

213
Q

What happens as the centre of gravity moves aft to stalling IAS?

A

Stalling IAS decreases

214
Q

What is a stall strip and what does it do?

A

Wedge placed on leading edge of wing tip

Encourages stall to begin at wing root rather than tip

215
Q

What is positive static stability?

A

If after original displacement, forces are brought into play to prevent further displacement causing object to move back towards original position

216
Q

What is positive dynamic stability?

A

Decreasing series of oscillations about the rest position

217
Q

If an object has slightest displacement from its position and further displacement occurs and no attempt to return to rest, what is this called?

A

Static and dynamic instability

218
Q

Whats the difference between stability and manoeuvrability?

A

Stability resists changes in attitude and attempts to regain original attitude.
Manoeuvrable aircraft is one that readily changes attitude at pilots commands

219
Q

Generally where are aircraft least and most stable?

A

Least stable in roll

Most stable in yaw

220
Q

What is stability in pitch?

A

Longitudinal stability

221
Q

What will a large tailplane which is a long way from the centre of gravity do to stability?

A

Increase longitudinal stability

222
Q

Where generally is the centre of pressure of the wings? Why?

A

Generally behind the centre of gravity.

Causes nose down tendency

223
Q

What is stability in roll?

A

Lateral stability

224
Q

How can you increase lateral stability?

A

High wing
Dihedral
High fin and rudder (large surface area above the axis)
Sweep back wings

225
Q

What is stability in yaw?

A

Directional stability

226
Q

What will increase directional stability?

A

Surface area of fin and rudder (be further away from centre of gravity)
Dihedral and sweeback

227
Q

What is stronger, lateral or directional stability?

A

Directional

228
Q

What is stability in yaw?

A

Directional stability

229
Q

What will increase directional stability?

A

Surface area of fin and rudder (be further away from centre of gravity)
Dihedral and sweeback

230
Q

What is stronger, lateral or directional stability?

A

Directional

231
Q

Compared to the upper wing, the lower wing of an aircarft in a spin is experiencing?

A

Less lift and more drag

232
Q

If no control inputs are made by the pilot, an aircraft which has rolled to the left from the level attitude will have a natural tendency to what?

A

Yaw to the left

233
Q

Thrust and drag produce what sort of moment with the nose?

A

Nose up moment

234
Q

Compared to the upper wing, the lower wing of an aircarft in a spin is experiencing?

A

Less lift and more drag

235
Q

Lift and weight produce what sort of moment with the nose?

A

Nose down moment

236
Q

Thrust and drag produce what sort of moment with the nose?

A

Nose up moment

237
Q

What does the balance tab do?

A

When the elevator goes down, it goes up and vice versa..

Lightens the load to deflect

238
Q

What do aileron spades do with regards to ailerons?

A

Reduce effort required to deflect aileron.

Goes down when aileron goes up

239
Q

What does the elevator do to the incidence of the tailplane

A

Changes it

240
Q

What does the spring tab do? What does it do with regards to parasite drag?

A

Spring loaded so moderate forces will deflect control surface and tab together. Spring ‘breaks’ and pulls trim tab in appropriate direction.
Produces less parasite drag

241
Q

What do aileron spades do with regards to ailerons?

A

Reduce effort required to deflect aileron.

Goes down when aileron goes up

242
Q

What does the down going aileron produce with regards to lift and drag?

A

Increases lift coefficient and drag

243
Q

What does the up going aileron produce with regards to lift and drag?

A

Reduced lift and drag

244
Q

What do frise ailerons do?

A

Wedge shaped nose and hinged at the top.

When aileron goes up, wedge protrudes beneath bottom surface and generates additional parasite drag

245
Q

What is aerodynamic balancing and what does it do?

A

Also know as horn balance.
Protrudes in front of control and displaces airflow on opposite side of movement.
Allows resistance to control surface movement

246
Q

What do differential ailerons do?

A

Up going aileron goes higher than down going aileron.

More parasite drag is cause on upgoing aileron, evens up the drag and reduces the yaw

247
Q

What are spoilers and what do they do?

A

Hinged surfaces on upper surface of wing.

Create sharp discontinuity in airflow and large loss of lift

248
Q

Where do mass balances bring the centre of gravity to?

A

Closer to hinge

249
Q

What are spoilers and what do they do?

A

Hinged surfaces on upper surface of wing.

Create sharp discontinuity in airflow and large loss of lift

250
Q

If the nose of an aircraft is suddenly raised in level flight, the angle of attack increases because?

A

The inertia prevents change in flight path

251
Q

What factors combined would cause a change in the stalling IAS?

A

Power and weight

252
Q

Which produces more drag, upgoing or down going aileron?

A

Down going

253
Q

What does swept back wings do to stability?

A

Increases lateral stability

254
Q

Which produces more drag, upgoing or down going aileron?

A

Down going

255
Q

What happens to induced drag as IAS is increased from stalling speed to maximum level flight cruising speed?

A

Decreases continuously

256
Q

Moving centre of gravity forward during flight does what to stability?

A

Increases directional stability

257
Q

When operating a single engine prop at high power and low IAS, what happens to control effectiveness for elevator, rudder and ailerons?

A

Elevator and rudder are more effective

Ailerons less effective

258
Q

As altitude increases, what happens to the stall speed for TAS and IAS?

A

Occurs at same speed for IAS

Higher speed for TAS

259
Q

What effect does increase weight have on gliding range of and angle of attack of aeroplane

A

Gliding range not affected if angle of attack is kept constant

260
Q

An aircraft in straight and level flight at constant power reduces its weight with fuel burnoff, how will level flight be maintained with regards to IAS and nose position?

A

Increase IAS

Lower the nose

261
Q

What effect does increase weight have on gliding range of and angle of attack of aeroplane

A

Gliding range not affected if angle of attack is kept constant

262
Q

A sudden drop in headwind during an approach to land will initially cause what with regards to IAS if nose is held constant

A

Reduction in IAS for same nose

263
Q

What will an increase in load do to stall speed?

A

Increase stall speed

264
Q

As angle of attack is increased in straight and level flight, what happens to total reaction and what happens to centre of pressure?

A

Total reaction increases

Centre of pressure moves forward

265
Q

If indicated airspeed is kept constant and angle of attack is increased what happens to induced drag and parasite drag?

A

Both parasite drag and induced drag will increase

266
Q

What will forward movement of the centre of gravity during flight do to stability?

A

Increase longitudinal and directional stability

267
Q

A decrease in airspeed does what to control movement and control effectiveness?

A

Less resistance to control movement

Reduced control effectiveness

268
Q

If flap is lowered during an approach and nose attitude and power are kept constant what happens to airspeed and angle of decrease?

A

Air speed decreases

Angle of descent will increase

269
Q

What happens to the rate and angle of descent when flaps are extended during a glide at constant IAS?

A

Both rate and angle increase

270
Q

When flying at the best lift/drag, what are you also flying at?

A

Maximum range (drag is minimum)

271
Q

To achieve maximum glide range in still air at higher weight, what should the pilot do with regards to IAS and angle of attack?

A

Increase IAS

Maintain angle of attack

272
Q

If a pilot is flying in the region of reverse command and then increases back pressure, what happens to rate of descent and IAS?

A

IAS decreases

Rate of descent increases

273
Q

Increasing the angle of attack will always do what to induced drag?

A

Increase it

274
Q

Aircraft weight divided by wing area is also known as what

A

Wing loading

275
Q

Where does turbulent flow first become apparent?

A

Separation point

276
Q

What does fowler trailing edge flaps do to stall angle of attack? What will be required to nose trim?

A

Reduces it

Nose up trim

277
Q

At a fixed forward speed, the angle of attack for a thick and highly cambered aerofoil compared to a thin, slightly cambered aerofoil would be?

A

Lower

278
Q

What does deploying the trailing edge flaps do to glide angle, gradient and range?

A

Increase glide angle
Decrease glide gradient
Range unaffected

279
Q

Reduction in total drag at all speeds would do what to fuel flow?

A

Reduce fuel flow

280
Q

What happens to parasite drag if airspeed is doubled?

A

Quadrupled

281
Q

What does washout do to angles of attack at wing tips and roots?

A

Angle of attack less than that at wing roots

282
Q

What does an increased angle of bank do to wingtip vorticies?

A

Increases them

283
Q

What will thrust and fuel flow be when induced drag equals parasite drag?

A

Minimum

284
Q

When does wind milling occur and what happens to blade tips?

A

ATM and CTM act in same direction

Blade tips forced rearwards

285
Q

A steep descent at steady low power, what happens to engine torque and RPM?

A

Torque reduced

RPM increases

286
Q

What happens to control responsiveness if control surface is further from COG?

A

Control responsiveness is reduced

287
Q

Halving the airspeed does what to lift and control responsiveness?

A

Reduce to one quarter

288
Q

Wing tip vortices move?

A

Out and down

289
Q

Is coefficient of lift linear or non linear?

A

Non linear

290
Q

If all other values are the same, what is the difference between high and low cambered wings with regards to span wise flow and induced drag?

A

Less span wise flow for High aspect

Less induced drag for high aspect

291
Q

Low aspect ratio and high wing loading produce strong or weak vortices?

A

Strong

292
Q

If an aircraft is disturbed in pitch and it continues to diverge through oscillation over time, from its initial position the aircraft demonstates what with regards to stability?

A

Positive longitudinal static stability

Negative dynamic stability

CPL (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions