Aegean Islands Flashcards
Lemnos PDO
- Region
- Style
- Grapes
- Alcohol
- RS
- Aging Requirements
- Additional Requirements
Lemnos PDO
Limnos
Style
- White
— Dry
— Semi-Dry
— Semi-Sweet
- Dry Red
- Sun-Dried Wine (Liastos)
- Fortified Wine (Vin de Liqueur from dried grapes)
Grapes
- White: Moschato Alexandrias
- Dry Red: Limnio (Kalampaki)
Alcohol
- Dry White: 11%
- Dry Red: 11.5%
- Liastos: 18% (10% acquired)
- Fortified: 21% (15% - 22% actual)
Residual Sugar
- Dry: 0 - 4 g/l (may be as high as 9 g/l)
- Semi-Dry: 4.5 g/l - 12 g/l (may be as high as 17.5 g/l)
- Semisweet: 17.5 g/l - 45 g/l
- Liastos: minimum 80 g/l
Aging Requirements
- Επιλεγμένος (“Selected”) or Réserve: These terms are only allowed for dry wines, and are interchangeable. Selected/Réserve wines must age for a minimum 1 year, including at least 6 months in oak barrels and 3 months in bottle for white. For red the minimum time is 2 years with a minimum 12 months in barrel and 6 months in bottle.
- Ειδικά Επιλεγμένος (“Specially Selected”) or Grande Réserve: Also interchangeable and authorized only for dry wines, these terms require at least 2 years of aging, including a minimum 1 year in oak barrels and 6 months in bottle. For red the minimum time is 4 years with a minimum 18 months in barrel and 18 months in bottle.
- λιαστά σταφύλια/ λιαστό (Sun Dried Grape Wine/Liastos) / λικέρ από λιαστά σταφύλια (Sun Dried Grape Wine Fortified): minimum 24 months oxidative aging in barrel.
Additional Requirements
- Liastos/Fortified: grapes are required to have a minimum 220 g/l sugar content before drying and a minimum 320 g/l sugar content after drying.
- Fortified: fortification is to occur before May 31 of the year following the harvest from either a neutral grape based spirit (96% alc by vol) or distilled wine/dried grape spirit (52% - 86% alc by vol) or a blend of the two.
- Semi-Dry/Semisweet: wines may be sweetened 2 months after clarification.
- λιαστά σταφύλια/ λιαστό (Sun Dried Grape Wine/Liastos) / λικέρ από λιαστά σταφύλια (Sun Dried Grape Wine Fortified): wines which undergo the minimum 2 years of aging may use a vintage date. Wines may also be labeled with an average age given in 4 year increments, 4, 8, 12, 16 etc, which allows the blending of younger wines with older.
Malvasia Paros PDO
- Region
- Islands
- Styles
- Grapes
- Alcohol
- Aging
- Additional Requirements
Malvasia Paros PDO
- Region: Cyclades
- Islands of Production: Paros, Antiparos
Styles
- Fortified Wine from Sun Dried Grapes
- Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried)
- Authorized Varieties: minimum 85% Monemvasia, maximum 15% Assyrtiko
Alcohol
- Fortified Wine from Sun Dried Grapes: 13% before drying, 18.8% after drying
- Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried):
- Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried): 80 g/l
Aging Requirements
- Wines require a minimum 24 months in a oxidative environment (oak barrels)
- Wines which undergo the minimum 2 years of aging may use a vintage date. Wines may also be labeled with an average age given in 4 year increments, 4, 8, 12, 16 etc, which allows the blending of younger wines with older.
Additional Requirements
- Vineyards must be older than 3 years before harvesting, may not be irrigated and are to be trained without trellising in the “Goblet” fashion
- Chaptalization and addition of concentrate grape must is not allowed.
- Fortification may be done by either: neutral spirit of vinous origin of 96% alcohol by volume or the product of distilled wine or dried grape spirit of between 52% and 86% alcohol by volume or a mixture of the two if products originate from the same varieties as the wine to be fortified. Fortification must take place by May 31 of the year after the harvest.
- Grapes must obtain a minimum 320 g/l sugar content after drying
Muscat of Lemnos PDO
- Region
- Style
- Grapes
- Alcohol
- Additional
Muscat of Lemnos PDO
- Region: Lemnos
Style
- Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried)
- Fortified Wines (VDN)
- Fortified Wine from Specific vineyards (VDN Grand Cru)
- Fortified Wine (VDL)
- Varieties: Moschato Alexandrias
Alcohol
- Naturally Sweet Wine: 12%
- Fortified Wine/VDN Grand Cru/VDL: 15% - 22%
Additional Requirements
- Chaptalization and addition of concentrate grape must is not allowed.
- VDN wines must be fortified during fermentation with alcohol of vinous origin of a minimum 95% alc. per volume, to between 5% - 10% of the volume of the spent mash, or 40% of the total volume of the finished product.
- Vineyards must be older than 3 years before harvesting, may not be irrigated and are to be trained without trellising in the “Goblet” fashion
Muscat of Rhodes PDO
- Region
- Communes
- Style
- Grapes
- Alcohol
- Additional
Muscat of Rhodes PDO
- Region: Dodecanese
- Communes of Production: Rhodes, Archangelos, Embonas, Monolithos, Afandou, Apollona, Fanes, Psinthos
Style
- Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried)
- Fortified Wines (VDN)
- Fortified Wine from Specific vineyards (VDN Grand Cru)
- Fortified Wine (VDL)
- Authorized Varieties: Moschato Aspro (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains)
Alcohol
- Naturally Sweet Wine: 17.6% (9% acquired)
- Fortified Wine/VDN Grand Cru/VDL: 15% - 22%
Additional Requirements
- Chaptalization and addition of concentrate grape must is not allowed.
- VDN wines must be fortified during fermentation with alcohol of vinous origin of a minimum 95% alc. per volume, to between 5% - 10% of the volume of the spent mash, or 40% of the total volume of the finished product.
- Vineyards must be older than 3 years before harvesting, may not be irrigated and are to be trained without trellising in the “Goblet” fashion
Paros PDO
- Region
- Islands
- Styles
- Grapes
- Additional
- Aging
Paros PDO
- Region: Aegean Islands (Cyclades)
- Islands of production: Paros, Antiparos
Style
- Dry white
- Dry red
Grapes
- White: 100% Monemvassia
- Red: co-fermentation of minimum 35% Mandilaria grape, and Monemvassia must
- White: Wines are produced by prefermentation extraction and are to be fermented through the use of cultured yeast inoculation.
Aging
- Επιλεγμένος (Selected) or Réserve: These terms are allowed only for dry wines and are interchangeable. Selected or Réserve wines must age for a minimum of one year, including at least six months in oak barrels and three months in bottle for white. For red wines, the minimum time is 2 years with a minimum 12 months in barrel and 6 months in bottle.
- Ειδικά Επιλεγμένος (Specially Selected) or Grande Réserve: Also interchangeable and authorized only for dry wines, these terms require at least two years of aging, including a minimum one year in oak barrels and six months in bottle. For red the minimum time is 4 years, with a minimum 18 months in barrel and 18 months in bottle.
Rhodes PDO
- Region
- Islands
- Style
- Grapes
- RS
- Additional
- Aging
Rhodes PDO
- Region: Dodecanese
- Islands of Production: Rhodes
Style
- White
— Dry White
— Lefkos Medium Dry (White)
— Lefkos Semisweet (White)
- Red
— Dry Red
— Semi-Dry Red
— Semisweet Red
- Rosé
— Dry
— Semi-Dry
— Semisweet
- Quality Sparkling White & Rosé (brut nature, extra brut, brut, extra sec, sec, demi sec, doux)
Grapes
- White: minimum 70% Athiri
- Red/Rose: minimum 70% Mandilaria
- Additional varieties allowed in the blend:
— White: Assyrtiko, Malagousia
— Red: Mavrothiriko
RS
- Dry: maximum 4 g/l
- Medium Dry/Semi-Dry: 4.5 g/l - 17.5 g/l
- Semisweet: 17.5 g/l - 45 g/l
- Sparkling wine may be carbonated in bottle or tank by the process of refermentation.
Aging
- Επιλεγμένος (“Selected”) or Réserve: These terms are only allowed for dry wines, and are interchangeable. Selected/Réserve wines must age for a minimum 1 year, including at least 6 months in oak barrels and 3 months in bottle for white. For red the minimum time is 2 years with a minimum 12 months in barrel and 6 months in bottle.
- Ειδικά Επιλεγμένος (“Specially Selected”) or Grande Réserve: Also interchangeable and authorized only for dry wines, these terms require at least 2 years of aging, including a minimum 1 year in oak barrels and 6 months in bottle. For red the minimum time is 4 years with a minimum 18 months in barrel and 18 months in bottle.
Samos PDO
- Region
- Style
- Grapes
- Aging
- Additional
Samos PDO
- Region: Samos
Style
- Natural Sweet Wine (VDN)
- Natural Sweet Wine from Specified vineyards (VDN - Grand Cru)
- Sweet Wine (VDL)
- Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried)
- Authorized Varieties: Moschato Aspro (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains)
- Sweet Wine (VDL): wine may be aged in oak vessels for up to 5 years.
Additional
- Natural Sweet Wine from Specified vineyards are must be handpicked
- VDN wines must be fortified during fermentation with alcohol of vinous origin of a minimum 95% alc. per volume, to between 5% - 10% of the volume of the spent mash, or 40% of the total volume of the finished product.
- VDL wines must be fortified prior to fermentation with alcohol of vinous origin of a minimum 95% alc. per volume. A maximum 1% alcohol from fermentation is allowed.
- Chaptalization and addition of concentrate grape must is not allowed.
- Vineyards must be older than 3 years before harvesting and are to be trained without trellising in the “Goblet” fashion.
- Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried): grapes must obtain a minimum 300 g/l sugar content before vinification.
Santorini PDO
- Region
- Islands
- Style
- Grapes
- Alcohol
- Aging
Santorini PDO
- Region: Aegean Islands (Cyclades)
- Islands of Production: Thera (Santorini) and Thirasia
Style
- Dry White Wine
Sweet Dried Grape Wine (Vinsanto / Liastos)
Fortified Dried Grape Wine (Vinsanto): This style is not currently produced in Santorini, but is legally allowed.
Grapes
- Dry Wines: Min. 85% Assyrtiko, plus Athiri and Aidani
- Vinsanto: Min. 51% Assyrtiko, plus Athiri, Aidani, and “small amounts” of other traditional grapes, including Katsanó, Monemvassia, Gaidouria, Moschato Aspro, Platani and Roditis
Minimum Potential / Actual Alcohol:
- Dry Wines: 12% / 12%
- Vinsanto: 15% (21% after drying process) / 9%
- Fortified Dried Grape Wine: 15% / 15-21%
- Minimum Must Weight (Vinsanto): 260 g/l prior to drying; 370 g/l after drying
Aging
- Επιλεγμένος (“Selected”) or Réserve: These terms are only allowed for dry wines, and are interchangeable. Selected/Réserve wines must age for a minimum 1 year, including at least 6 months in oak barrels and 3 months in bottle.
- Ειδικά Επιλεγμένος (“Specially Selected”) or Grande Réserve: Also interchangeable and authorized only for dry wines, these terms require at least 2 years of aging, including a minimum 1 year in oak barrels and 6 months in bottle.
- Vinsanto: Vintage wines must be aged for at least 2 years in barrels, and aging must occur on the islands of Thera or Thirasia. If released with an aging statement rather than a vintage, vinsanto must have been aged in an oxidative manner for at least 4 years. The aging statement on the bottle may only be listed as a multiple of 4 (8, 12, 16, etc.).
What are the three major island groups in the Aegean and what PDOs are within them?
Cyclades
- Santorini PDO
- Paros PDO
- Malvasia Paro PDO
Dodecanese
- Rhodes PDO
- Muscat of Rhodes PDO
Northern Aegean
- Samons PDO
- Lemnos PDO
- Muscat of Lemnos PDO
What are Cyclades Islands named after?
Their circular shape
What is the oldest continuos producer in Santorini?
Santo
- Coop
- Only producer in 1947
What is Kanavas in Santorini?
Smaller producers
What large house moved to Santorini in 1989 and improved wine quality in the region?
Boutari
What large house moved to Santorini in 1989 and improved wine quality in the region?
Boutari
Describe the climate of Santorini
Hot and Dry
- No rivers or lakes
- Only water source is morning fog and dew for most of the growing season
What is the soil type in Santorini?
- Black volcanic basalt
— Incredibly poor volcanic soils
— Almost no organic matter
— Even olive trees cannot thrive - Limestone
- Schist
- NO clay so phylloxera never took hold
Island was formed a volcano
- In 17th century BC, huge volcanic explosion wiped out Minoan civilization but bodies were never found
— This explosion is what is said to have destroyed Atlantis
- Most recent Eruption was in 1950
What are the main grapes grown in Santorini?
White
- Assyrtiko
- Athiri
- Aidani
- Thrapsathiri
- Platani
What are the main grapes grown in Santorini?
White
- Assyrtiko
- Athiri
- Aidani
- Thrapsathiri
- Platani
How are vines trained in Santorini?
Kouloura
- Basket-shape training system
- Low to the ground to protect from winds
- Due to lack of phylloxera, many vines have roots systems that are several hundred years old
What is Nykteri?
Nykteri
- ‘working all night’
- Unusual dry wine
- Historical product of Santorini
- Very ripe grapes are harvested before dawn and pressed same day
- some skin contact during ferment
- Aged min 3 months in barrel
— Long is common, sometime with flor
Who is this producer?
Estate Argyros
VinSanto 20 Years Barrel Aged, Santorini, Greece
Who is this producer?
Domaine Sigalas
VinSanto
Who is this producer?
OENO
P Tria Ampelia, Santorini, Greece
Who is this producer?
Gavalas
Vinsanto, Santorini, Greece
Who is this producer?
Gavalas
Vinsanto, Santorini, Greece
Who is this producer?
Gaia Wines
Ammonite, Santorini, Greece
Who is this producer?
Domaine Sigalas
Nychteri Grand Reserve White, Santorini, Greece
Who is this producer?
Domaine Sigalas
Kavalieros White, Santorini, Greece
Who is this producer?
Tselepos
Canava Chrissou ‘Laoudia’ Assyrtiko, Santorini, Greece
Who is this producer?
Domaine Sigalas
Santorini Assyrtiko, Aegean Islands, Greece
Who is this producer?
Estate Argyros
Assyrtiko, Santorini, Greece
Who is this producer?
Tselepos
Santorini
Describe the climate of Paros
- Hot
- Dry
- Less windy and humid than Santorini
What are the varietal requirements for Paros PDO?
White: 100% Monemvassia
Red: co-fermentation of minimum 35% Mandilaria grape, and Monemvassia must
- Only dry red PDO in Greece that allows inclusion of white grape
What are the requirements for Malvasia Paros PDO?
- Sundried Monemvasia
— Min 85%, max 15% Assytriko- Fortification is optional (Fortified Wine from Sun Dried Grapes vs Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried))
- Wines require a minimum 24 months in a oxidative environment (oak barrels)
- Aged min 2 years to be called vintage
- If blended vintages, can be labeled with an average age in 4 year increments
4,8,12,16
What is the mountain on Rhones island?
Geography
- Largest of Dodecanese Islands
- Dominated by Mount Atavyros
- 0-600 m elevation
- Closer to Turkey than mainland Greece
What styles are allowed in Rhodes PDO?
White - minimum 70% Athiri blended with Assyrtiko, Malagousia
- Dry White
- Lefkos Medium Dry (White)
- Lefkos Semisweet (White)
Red - minimum 70% Mandilaria blended with Mavrothiriko
- Dry Red
- Semi-Dry Red
- Semisweet Red
Rosé - minimum 70% Mandilaria blended with Mavrothiriko
- Dry
- Semi-Dry
- Semisweet
Quality Sparkling White & Rosé (brut nature, extra brut, brut, extra sec, sec, demi sec, doux)
What grapes is used in Muscat of Rhodes PDO?
Authorized Varieties: Moschato Aspro (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains)
What happened causing Muscat to become the dominate grapes in Samos?
In 1934, a law was passed saying that the only wine made from Muscat could be labeled Samos
- Today 95% of island is planted to Muscat Blanc
- Locally called Moscato Aspro
- Rest is planted to two red grapes: Ritino and Fokiano not allwoed for PDO production
What is the mountain on Samos PDO?
Mount Ampelos
What styles are made in Samos PDO using what grapes?
Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried)
Fortified Wines (VDN)
Fortified Wine from Specific vineyards (VDN Grand Cru)
Fortified Wine (VDL)
Authorized Varieties: Moschato Aspro (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains)
What styles are made in Lemnos PDO using what grapes?
0 White
— Dry
— Semi-Dry
— Semi-Sweet
- Dry Red
- Sun-Dried Wine (Liastos) - not fortified
- Fortified Wine (Vin de Liqueur from dried grapes)
White: Moschato Alexandrias
Dry Red: Limnio (Kalampaki)
What styles are made in Muscat of Lemnos PDO using what grapes?
Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried)
Fortified Wines (VDN)
Fortified Wine from Specific vineyards (VDN Grand Cru)
Fortified Wine (VDL)
Varieties: Moschato Alexandrias
