AE 104 Performance and Maneuvering Flashcards
The minimum speed for takeoff is approximately ___ above the power-off stall speed.
20%
The minimum takeoff speed can be reduced by___
decreasing weight, increasing wing surface area, increasing CLMAX (flaps)
___, ___, ___, and ___ are bad for takeoff performance.
high, hot, heavy, humid
Which factor has the greatest effect of takeoff distance?
weight
___ ___ ___ ___ is gaining the most altitude in a given amount of time.
max rate of climb, 140 KIAS, relies on excess power
___ ___ ___ ___ gains the most altitude for distance traveled.
max angle of climb, not used in T6
___ ___ is the maximum time that an airplane can remain airborne on a given amount of fuel.
maximum endurance
___ ___ is the maximum distance an airplane can travel on a given amount of fuel.
maximum range (at L/DMAX velocity and AOA)
How does an increase in weight affect cruise performance?
Increased power/fuel flow, decreased max range and max endurance
How does an increase in altitude affect cruise performance?
decreased power/fuel flow, increased max range and max endurance
How does lowering the landing gear or flaps affect cruise performance?
increased power/fuel flow, decreased max range and max endurance
___ ___ ___ is the Mach number that first produces evidence of local supersonic flow on an airplane.
critical mach number
___ ___ ___ is the airspeed flown power off which provides maximum range.
best glide speed, approx. 125 KIAS
What factor has no impact on max glide range?
weight
What is the region of reverse command?
the area where additional thrust or power is required to fly more slowly (left of max endurance on PR curve)
___ is the yawing moment caused by one propeller blade creating more thrust than its opposing blade.
p-factor
___ ___ is a corkscrewing airflow that travels around the fuselage.
slipstream swirl (more prevalent at high power settings and low airspeeds)
An aircrafts turn performance in a level coordinated turn is a factor of its ___ and ___.
velocity, bank angle
What factors can limit the max bank angle and min velocity and aircraft can sustain in a level turn?
weight, altitude, load factor, stalling angle of attack, engine performance, wing loading
In instrument flight, turns are made at a standard rate of ___ ___ ___. The bank angle required is dependent on airspeed.
3 degrees per second
A ___ is caused by opposite or insufficient rudder in teh direction of turn. The yawing moment is toward the outside of the turn, the ball will be on the inside of the turn.
slip
A ___ is caused by using too much rudder in the direction of turn. The yawing moment is toward the inside of the turn, and the ball is deflected toward the outside of the turn.
skid
Load factor is the ratio of the ___ divided by the ___. Also called G force or G loading.
load, weight
At 30 degrees of bank, how many Gs are required to maintain level flight?
1.15 Gs
At 45 degrees of bank, hou many Gs are required to maintain level flight?
1.4 Gs
At 60 degrees of bank, how many Gs are required to maintain level flight?
2.0 Gs
At 80 degrees of bank, how many Gs are required to maintain level flight?
5.72 Gs
Level flight can’t be maintained at 90 degrees of bank because___
there is no lift vector perpendicular to the ground
___ ___ ___ is the greatest load factor an airplane can sustain without risk of permanent deformation or danger.
limit load factor
___ ___ ___ is the maximum load factor that an aircraft can withstand without structural failure. This is ___ of a limit load factor.
ultimate load factor, 150%
___ Gs are encountered anytime the only control that is deflected is the elevator
symmetric
At sea level you can’t overstress the aircraft with positive Gs below aprox. ___ or negative Gs below aprox ___ because the aircraft will stall first.
195 knots, 100 knots
You can’t overstress the aircraft with positive, symmetric Gs at any airspeed when at ___ MSL.
31,000 ft
The lowest airspeed that you can obtain the positive symmetric load limit is about ___.
240 KIAS
___ ___ is the speed above which full or abrupt control movements in one axis can result in structural damage to the aircraft.
maneuvering speed, 227 KIAS (cornering velocity)
Stability and maneuverability are ___ proportional.
inversely
___ ___ is the difference between the flightpath and the longitudinal axis.
sideslip angle
Where does max endurance occur?
bottom of the PR curve (less than L/Dmax)
Where does mas range occur for prop aircraft?
L/DMAX
What factor changes groundspeed but has no effect on TAS?
headwind/tailwind
yaw resulting from prop. airflow past rudder
slipstream swirl
roll opposite propeller rotation
propeller torque (torque effect)
yaw resulting from asymmetric propeller thrust
P-factor
action to correct slipstream swirl
right rudder
correction for p-factor
opposite rudder
action to correct for prop torque
opposite aileron
What two things determine turn rate and radius?
velocity and bank
What is turn rate?
rate of heading change
What is PIO (pilot induced oscillations)?
pilot and longitudinal stability correcting for oscillations simultaneously
Describe directional static stability
stability of the longitudinal axis around the vertical axis
