Adverse Drug Reactions (Optometry Focussed) Flashcards
What is the most common preservative used in ocular medications?
Benzalkonium Chloride
How would you manage a toxic reaction to an ocular medication?
Cessation of drug usage, management of sx and monitoring to ensure no further complications.
Name a few tetracycline antibiotics?
Doxycycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline
Name some ADR’s of tetracyclines?
Photosensitivity of skin, tooth discolouration, GI disturbance, headaches, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Kidney/ Liver damage, headaches
Name some benefits to using topical corticosteroids?
Effective short term measure to control ocular inflammation.
Name some ADR’s of topical corticosteroids?
They can suppress immune response to infections, cataract development, delayed wound healing, corneal/scleral thinning, steroid glaucoma, steroid induced central serous chorioretinopathy (very rare)
What are the odds of steroid glaucoma occuring if a patient uses topical corticosteroids?
35%.
How would you manage steroid glaucoma?
IOP elevation typically subsides within 1-4 weeks, measure baseline, rececking at 2 weeks then every 4 weeks for 2-3 months to ensure levelled out, then every six months if therapy to continue.
List three corticosteroids in order from most to least penetrating?
Prednisolone, fluoromethalone, loteprednol
Name some ADR’s of topical NSAIDs?
Gastric ulceration, aspirin hypersensitivity.
name the two families of glaucoma medications?
Prostaglandin analogues and beta blockers.
List some ADR’s of prostaglandin analogues?
Ocular irritation and conjunctival hyperaemia, iris hyperpigmentation, eyelash and eyelid changes, CMO (rare), anterior uveitis, herpes simplex keratitis,
List some ADR’s of beta blockers?
Dry eye, bradycardia, obstructive airway disease/asthma, depression, loss of libido, confusion, migraine, raynaud syndrome
