Adverbes

Question 1

Location in the sentence

Answer 1

• Proximity location (anteposition)
  ▸It is [remarkably] clear book
• Initial location
  ▸[Maybe] they forgot the time
• In between location
  ▸ They [suddenly] decided to buy a new car
• Final location
  ▸ I don’t like it [much]
  ▸They left suddenly (intransitive)
  ▸They left the hotel suddenly (transitive)
  ▸He stared angrily at his opponent

Question 2

In between location

Answer 2

The adverb is always preceding the verb

• Verb without auxiliary ▸They often go to the cinema
• Auxiliary without verb ▸He probably has
  If several auxiliaries, after the first auxiliary ▸He must certainly have forgotten the time
• Emphasis (located before the auxiliary)▸ He probably CAN do it now

Question 3

Adverb bearing on the sentence as a whole

Answer 3

• Point of view ▸Frankly, he shouldn’t have met her
• probability ▸Presumably, he thought he was allowed to do it
• confirmation of truth judgement ▸Clearly, they were drunk
• Affection ▸Hopefully, it will be delivered on time
• Time ▸Soon, you’ll see what I mean
• Space ▸He went up (particule adverbiale)
• Frequency ▸We rarely/frequently see him at the pub → approx = in between location
  ▸She gets dozens of letters daily → precise = final location
• Degree (intensification vs. attenuation)
  ▸He badly needed the money > intensification
  ▸He scarcely noticed the change > attenuation

Question 4

Adverbs of degree bearing on adverbs or adjectives

Answer 4

→ It is [awfully] nice of her
→ Are you [dead] sure?
→ That was [downright] rude
→ It’s a [rather] funny book
→ It isn’t good [enough]

Question 5

Delimitation and binding

Answer 5

• Delimitation = give a more accurate meaning of an item (proximity and in between position)
  ▸ He works a lot, particularly at night
  ▸ They mainly publish children’s books
• Binding = organise speech (initial position)
  ▸ He didn’t like the film, so he left
  ▸ They liked the place, yet they had to leave
  ▸ I don’t want to go. Anyway, it’s raining.

Question 6

Adverbs and negation

Answer 6

• Not, never (negation) & hardly, scarcely, barely (semi-negation) > in between position
  ▸ She is not staying here
  ▸ He scarcely washes
• Negation can bear either on one element of the sentence of on the whole sentence
  ▸ He didn’t hear any voice
  ▸ He didn’t hear any noise inside (he heard a noise but not inside)
• The use of a negation prevents from using another negation (adverb, det, pronoun, etc.)
  ▸ He hardly ate any meat (presque pas)
  ▸ Such situations hardly ever arise (pratiquement jamais)