Advances in Memory Research Flashcards
Working memory
Baddeley-
Central executive - phonological loop
visuospatial sketchpad
Episodic buffer
Phonological loop
limited capacity slave system
processes verbal information
phonological store- stores auditory information
Articulatory rehearsal: converts visual information to auditory information and maintains via rehearsal
Visuospatial sketchpad
limited capacity slave system for storing visual and spatial information
Episodic buffer
limited capacity storage for chunks or episodes
integrates information from different modalities and LTM
Visuospatial bootstrapping and episodic memory
Supports a multimodal system
recall in control condition impaired to greater extent than recall in keypad condition during articulatory suppression
Recall in keypad condition no longer superior when spatial task performed concurrently
Visuospatial bootstrapping supports a system that is separate to central executive processes:
does not decline with age
Amnesic Syndrome
Anterograde amnesia: impairment in ability to remember new information learned after the onset of amnesia
Retrograde amnesia: problems remembering events prior to the onset of amnesia
Temporal Gradient in amnesia
Retrograde amnesia often presents with better memory for older memories than more recent memories
Evidence is not conclusive , but possible theories are:
Standard model of consolidation: older memories are strengthened by secondary consolidation over years
Multiple trace model:
Older memories converted to semantic memories are not depended on the hippocampus
Remember - Know paradigm
R = Remember: you clearly recollect the word and memories associated with it - the word reminded me of - links to episodic memory
K - Know: the word seems familiar to you but you don’t have any distinct recollections of it - linked to semantic memory.
G - Guess: you have no real idea and are just guessing
Impairment to LTM
Patterns of memory impairment and preservation in amnesia support multiple systems within LTM
Controversial:
ability to acquire new semantic memories
nature and extent to recognition deficits
Recall vs Recognition
Recall deficits greater tan recognition deficits
Conflicting evidence surrounding whether
- hippocampus important in recollection
para-hippocampal regions important in familiarity- based recognition
Impairments to Working Memory
Amnesia tends to impair LTM, while working memory remains intact
Conflicting evidence surrounding whether there is impairment to working memory in relation to:
some spatial abilities
relational binding
Impairments may be due to tasks exceeding working memory capacity
Memory encoding
Memory retrieval can be enhanced by:
more meaningful encoding
context matches
state matches
Absolute vs Diagnostic value
It is not the similarity in features between encoding and retrieval that is important in enhancing retrieval but the presence of feature with diagnostic value
