Advanced Theories of Personality Quiz Flashcards
A multilevel theory is best described as
a. a unified theory that explains phenomena at various levels (e.g., biological, behavioral, and so on).
b. a theory presented differently for elementary students and for advanced students.
c. a theory that is tested by both correlational and experimental research.
d. a theory that is ambiguously phrased.
a. a unified theory that explains phenomena at various levels (e.g., biological, behavioral, and so on).
Theoretical constructs are
a. obsolete in modern personality theory.
b. the concepts of a theory.
c. used only in experimental research.
d. used only in correlational research.
the concepts of a theory
Jung’s term, “Self,” refers to
a. conscious self-concept.
b. how people are perceived by others.
c. the total, integrated personality.
d. unhealthy narcissism.
c. the total, integrated personality
- When comparing Adler’s theory to classical psychoanalysis, we see that Adler placed more emphasis on
a. society and culture.
b. ego and superego conflict.
c. hypnosis as a methodology.
d. aggression.
a. society and culture
Regarding culture, Erikson proposed that
a. individual conflicts were dependent upon resolving the psychosocial stage only, and were not related to culture.
b. conflicts a person felt often represented the conflicts of the society in which the person lived.
c. the study of an individual tells us nothing about the society in which the person lived.
d. archetypes accurately represented the collective unconsciousness
b. conflicts a person felt often represented the conflict of the society in which the person lived
Horney’s interpersonal psychoanalytic theory proposed that
a. parental love in childhood was essential for healthy development.
b. parental neglect and rejection increased a child’s independence and resilience.
c. basic anxiety was due to a fear of punishment.
d. basic hostility was due to innate aggressive drives.
a. parental love in childhood was essential for healthy development
Which statement best describes Allport’s attitude toward biological influences on personality?
a. Will power is so important that biology plays no part in personality.
b. Biological influences determine most of personality.
c. Biological influences, along with psychological influences, are important determinants of personality.
d. Biological influences explain mental illness, but not variations in normal personality.
c. Biological influences, along with psychological influences, are important determinants of personality
The most important sentiment, according to Cattell, is the
a. superego.
b. religious sentiment.
c. self-sentiment.
d. subsidiary sentiment.
c. self-sentiment
The first step in behavior modification is
a. extinguishing the undesirable behavior.
b. selecting a reinforcer.
c. deciding on a schedule of reinforcement.
d. making a functional analysis of the behavior to be changed.
d. making a functional analysis of the behavior to be changed
Which statement best describes Skinner’s attitude toward language?
a. Language is the highest human achievement.
b. Psychotherapy consists of learning new ways of talking to yourself.
c. Language can be explained in behavioral terms (e.g., as stimuli and responses).
d. A universal language would help achieve world peace.
c. Language can be explained in behavioral terms (e.g., as stimuli and responses).
According to Kelly, we make choices in life in order to
a. reduce tension.
b. increase pleasure.
c. increase the predictability of events.
d. improve our reputation in other people’s eyes.
c. increase the predictability of events
According to Mischel, people are not passively controlled by their environment because they can develop __________ to influence their own behavior.
a. personal constructs
b. prototypes
c. traits
d. self-regulatory systems
d. self-regulatory systems
Bandura proposed that self-regulation of behavior requires that people
a. take responsibility for their learning.
b. respond to their environments.
c. gain access to preconscious goals.
d. focus on past accomplishments.
a. take responsibility for their learning
Carl Rogers was proud that his students’ clinical training included __________, which he innovated.
a. a training analysis.
b. psychological testing.
c. a supervised practicum experience.
d. training in diagnosis.
c. a supervised practicum experience
In Rogers’s theory, the ideal self
a. is the source of healthy development.
b. is the same thing as the real self.
c. should be incongruent with the real self, for optimal development.
d. interferes with self-actualization.
d. interferes with self-actualization
