Advanced English Vocabulary– Wild Animals Flashcards
Word 1: Carnivore (noun)
Meaning: Animal that eats meat
Word Family: Carnivorous (adj)
Synonyms: Meat-eater; Hunter; Predator
Antonyms: Herbivore; Prey
Example Sentence: Tigers are known as fearsome carnivores.
Word 2: Herbivore (noun)
Meaning: Animal that eats plants
Word Family: Herbivorous (adj)
Synonyms: Beast of prey; Prey
Antonyms: Carnivore, Omnivore
Example Sentence: Herbivores, like zebra, tend to move in large groups for safety.
Word 3: Domesticated (adjective / passive verb)
Meaning: Changed over time from being wild animal to human service (companion) animal e.g. pig, dog.
Word Family: Domestication (noun); to Domesticate (verb)
Synonyms: Tame; Trained; Broken in (*) for horses when they learn how to take a rider or when someone train them not to panic.
Antonyms: Wild; Feral
Example Sentence: Domesticated animals, such as dogs, have completely different behavior patterns to wild animals.
Word 4: Poach (verb)
Meaning: 1) Illegally hunt wild animals,
2) Take something from a rival/competitor
Word Family: Poacher (noun, person); Poaching (noun, activity)
Synonyms: Hunt; Prey on; Cattle Rustling
Antonyms: Protect
Collocations: Illegal poaching; To poach an idea; To be poached by a rival company
ایده دزدی از شرکت های رقیب
Example Sentence: Illegal poaching remains a huge threat to endangered
animals like rhinos.
Word 5: Territory (noun)
Meaning: An animal’s area of control
Word Family: Territorial (adjective); Territorially (adverb)
Synonyms: Habitat; Region; Kingdom
Collocations: Act/behave territorially, Mark one’s territory, Enemy territory,
Familiar territory, Defend one’s territory
Example Sentence: Wild animals can be aggressive when defending their territory.
Word 6: Reproduce (verb)
Meaning: Having children, continuing the generations of animal (or person).
Word Family: Reproduction (noun); Reproductive (adj)
Synonyms: Breed; Procreate; Spawn (تخم ریزی کردن برخی حیوانات); Give birth (all verbs)
Antonyms: Die; Go extinct (both verbs)
Collocations: Be able to reproduce; Fail to reproduce; The ability to reproduce; Reproduce by + action (e.g. laying eggs/dividing/spreading seeds); Reproduce in the wild (Not zoo); Reproduce in captivity (in Zoo).
Example Sentence: It is often hard for wild animals like pandas to reproduce in captivity.
Word 7: Apex Predator (noun)
Meaning: A carnivore at the top of its food chain, without natural predators of its own. Examples: Brown bears; Polar bears; Great white sharks; Tigers;
Lions Synonyms: Top predator; Alpha predator (both nouns)
Antonyms: Prey; Quarry; Herbivore (all nouns)
Collocations: To encounter an apex predator; The absence of an apex
predator; An unchallenged apex predator
Example Sentence: Apex predators like great white sharks are an important
part of maintaining a balanced ecosystem.
Word 7: Apex Predator (noun)
Meaning: A carnivore at the top of its food chain, without natural predators of its own. Examples: Brown bears; Polar bears; Great white sharks; Tigers;
Lions Synonyms: Top predator; Alpha predator (both nouns)
Antonyms: Prey; Quarry; Herbivore (all nouns)
Collocations: To encounter an apex predator; The absence of an apex
predator; An unchallenged apex predator
Example Sentence: Apex predators like great white sharks are an important part of maintaining a balanced ecosystem.
Word 8: Migrate (verb)
Meaning: Travel long distances on a regular basis (e.g. yearly) for a specific purpose, often at a fixed time of the year.
Word Family: Migration (noun, action); Migrating, Migratory (both adj)
Synonyms: To range; To journey; To roam (all verbs, can all replace migrate but can also be normal daily activities for animals, not necessarily a journey at a fixed time).
Antonyms: To remain; To stay (both verbs)
Collocations: To migrate southwards/northwards; To migrate from
somewhere to somewhere else; To migrate annually; Seasonal migration
Example Sentence: Many types of birds in the northern hemisphere migrate
southwards in the winter.
Word 9: Endangered (adjective)
Meaning: Few of this animal left, in danger of going extinct.
Word Family: To endanger (verb); Endangerment (noun)
Synonyms: At-risk; Imperilled; Threatened (all adjectives)
Antonyms: Plentiful (adjective, e.g. sheep); Protected (adjective, e.g. pandas)
Collocations: Endangered species; To be endangered; Highly endangered
Example Sentence: The protection of endangered species is one reason why
we should keep zoos open.
Word 10: Aggressive (adjective)
Meaning: Dangerous, willing to fight or attack.
Word Family: Aggression (noun); Aggressively (adverb)
Synonyms: Hostile; Belligerent; Violent (all adjectives)
Antonyms: Tranquil; Docile; Friendly (all adjectives)
Collocations: Extremely/highly aggressive; Openly aggressive; Aggressive
towards someone
Example Sentence: Sometimes pet dogs can be aggressive towards
strangers, but mostly they are fairly docile and even friendly.
Word 10: Aggressive (adjective)
Meaning: Dangerous, willing to fight or attack.
Word Family: Aggression (noun); Aggressively (adverb)
Synonyms: Hostile; Belligerent; Violent (all adjectives)
Antonyms: Tranquil; Docile; Friendly (all adjectives)
Collocations: Extremely/highly aggressive; Openly aggressive; Aggressive towards someone
Example Sentence: Sometimes pet dogs can be aggressive towards strangers, but mostly they are fairly docile and even friendly.
