Advanced English Vocabulary – Culture Flashcards
Word 1: Globalization (noun)
Meaning: The spread of companies, products and cultures across the world.
Synonyms: Globalism (noun)
Antonyms: Localism; Nationalization; Protectionism (all nouns)
Example Sentence: Globalization has reduced the cultural differences between once-distant countries.
Protectionism: حمایت از تولید داخلی
Word 2: Multicultural (adjective)
Meaning: A society or situation that includes people from several different ethnic or cultural backgrounds.
Synonyms: Multi-ethnic; Diverse; Heterogenous (all adjectives)
Antonyms: Monocultural; Homogenous (both adjectives)
Collocations: Multicultural society; Multicultural community; Multicultural perspective;
Example Sentence: One of the challenges of living in a multicultural society is learning to accept and tolerate very different lifestyles and customs.
Word 3: Integrate (verb)
Meaning: To join something (e.g. society/group) and adapt to the culture of the new situation.
* Become a part of the culture
Word Family: Integrated (adjective); Integration (noun)
Synonyms: To blend in; To assimilate (both verbs)
Antonyms: To stand out; To remain separate from (both verbs)
Collocations: To integrate into a society; To integrate with someone
Example Sentence: Some people are able to integrate into new societies, whereas others find it very difficult.
Word 4: Culture shock (noun)
Meaning: A feeling of anxiety, depression or confusion from being in a very different culture.
Collocations: To get/experience culture shock; To suffer from culture shock; A bit of a culture shock; Initial culture shock; A symptom of culture shock
Example Sentence: People who move abroad often suffer from culture shock in the first few weeks or months.
Word 5: Values (noun)
Meaning: The ethical or behavioural beliefs of a person, place or society.
Synonyms: Ethics; Beliefs; Morals; Standards (both nouns)
Collocations: To (dis)respect someone’s values; To reject someone’s values; To mock someone’s values; A set of values; Defending one’s values; Traditional family values
Example Sentence: The older generations in my country generally share a different set of values to the younger generations.
Word 6: Ritual (noun, adjective)
Meaning: An action or set of actions that is culturally or traditionally important.
Synonyms: Custom; Practice; Ceremony (all nouns)
Collocations: To perform a ritual; An elaborate ritual; A sacred ritual; An ancient ritual; Go through the _ritual of + action (e.g. preparing/eating/creating); An important ritual; A daily ritual
Example Sentence: Older people often perform elaborate rituals when inviting guests into their homes.
Word 7: Heritage (noun)
Meaning: A series of traditions, values or customs shared by a group of people e.g. a country.
Synonyms: Traditions; Culture; History (both nouns)
Collocations: Something is part of our/that country’s heritage; Chinese heritage (or British/American/other nationality heritage); Rich heritage; Our common heritage Our national heritage; To take pride in one’s heritage
Example Sentence: I believe that we should take pride in our heritage rather than trying to adopt the customs of other countries.
Word 8: Stereotype (noun)
Meaning: An oversimplified or completely incorrect idea about a group of People, usually negative and offensive.
Word Family: Stereotypical (adjective); Stereotypically (adverb); To be stereotyped (passive verb)
Antonyms: An accurate portrayal; A factual portrayal; An accurate representation (all nouns)
Collocations: To challenge a stereotype; To perpetuate a stereotype; A negative stereotype; A common stereotype; A harmful stereotype; An offensive stereotype
Example Sentence: People who live in the countryside are often portrayed as being backwards, but this is actually a rather offensive stereotype.
کلیشه ، کلیشه کردن یک نواخت کردن ، رفتار قالبی داشتن .
Word 9: Vibrant (adjective)
Meaning: Full of life, energy and activity.
Synonyms: Lively; Animated; Dynamic; Full of life (all adjectives)
Antonyms: Dull; Colourless; Lifeless; Lethargic (all adjectives)
Collocations: Vibrant society; Vibrant culture; Vibrant personality; Vibrant city
Example Sentence: Many of the cities across Latin American are really vibrant and full of life.
Word 10: Taboo (noun, adjective)
Meaning: An action that is considered completely unacceptable by a society.
Synonyms: Faux-pas (noun, less strong feeling); Illicit; Forbidden (bothadjectives)
Antonyms: Acceptable; Permitted (both adjectives)
Collocations: Something is considered taboo; To be/to remain something of a taboo; A taboo subject; Strictly taboo
Example Sentence: Actions that are considered taboo in some societies, like unmarried women having children, are perfectly acceptable in other parts of the world.
Listen
One of the biggest changes that the world has undergone in the past 50 years has been globalization. Many different cultures have blended and now share quite different values that they once did. Some people think that this threatens a country’s national heritage, and that multicultural societies are weaker than homogenous ones. Other disagree, saying that the mixing of different cultures leads to a richer and more vibrant society.
Listen
One of the biggest changes that the world has undergone in the past 50 years has been globalization. Many different cultures have blended and now share quite different values that they once did. Some people think that this threatens a country’s national heritage, and that multicultural societies are weaker than homogenous ones. Other disagree, saying that the mixing of different cultures leads to a richer and more vibrant society.
Is that your country multicultural or homogenous?
It depends on the area, really. In the big cities like Tehran, there are people from all over the country, so it has a really vibrant and multicultural vibe. Other areas, particularly rural areas, are much more homogenous.
Have you ever experience cultural shock
To be honest yeas. The first time I came to tehran about 13 years ago, I felt that Tehran has a different cultural comaored to the city I used to live in.
Yes Definitely. The first time I came to Tehran, it was very big & loud, and for someone from a small city, it was a huge culture shock at first. It was challenging, no doubt, but I quickly adapted and managed to integrate into its society, to some degree
