Advanced Chronic Inflammation and Wound Healing

Question 1

Levels of TGF-β in a tissue as part of an immune response are primarily dependent upon. . .

Answer 1

. . . posttranscriptional activation of latent TGF-β.

Question 2

The first key actions of TGF-β are. . .

Answer 2

. . . anti-inflammatory modulation of cells involved in the immune response and inhibition of matrix metalloproteases (via TIMPs).

Question 3

Course of fibroblast action in wound heaing

Answer 3

• Activation
• Proliferation
• Synthesis of collagen and fibronectin (TGF-β)
• Differentiation to myofibroblasts and contraction

Question 4

Matrixmetalloproteases are activated by . . .

Answer 4

. . . cleavage of their inactive, zymogen form by plasmin.

Question 5

ADAMs

Answer 5

Family of enzymes related to MMPs. Anchored to plasma membrane and here cleave and release extracellularm domains of cell-associated cytokines and growth factors.

Targets include members of the TNF, TGF-β, and EGF families.

Question 6

sheddases

Answer 6

Proteases which cleave off the extracellular domains of transmembrane proteins