Adult Health Flashcards
Mechanism of tracheal tug
Movement of chest walls, muscles and diaphragm is transmitted along the trachea, pulling it rhythmically downwards
Difference between bleb and bullae
Bleb is less than 2cm cubed
Diseases in COPD
- chronic bronchitis
- emphysema
- asthma
Characteristics of chronic bronchitis
Excessive mucus production with airway obstruction and notable hyperplasia of mucous producing glands
Characteristics of emphysema
Destruction of airways distal to the terminal bronchiole
Respiratory causes of clubbing
- bronchiectasis
- empyema
- suppurative lung disease
- tumours
- cystic fibrosis
- hpoa
- asbestosis
- pulmonary fibrosis
- sarcoidosis
Abdominal causes of clubbing
- IBD
- celiac disease
- liver abscess
- cirrhosis
Characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis
- chronic systemic inflammatory disease of unknown cause
- external trigger causes an AI reaction
- synovial hypertrophy and chronic joint inflammation
General mechanisms of UTIs
- colonization with ascending spread
- haematogenous spread
- oeriurogenital spread
What makes diabetics predisposed to UTIs
Hyperglycemia causes neutrophil dysfunction
Develop nephropathy and renal papillary necrosis
Characteristic vascular lesion of malignant hypertension
Fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles and small arteries
Possible mechanisms for pleural effusion in ESKD
- cardiac failure
- hypervolemia (loss of albumin in urine so decreased oncotic pressure)
How do transudates occur
Imbalance in oncotic and hydrostatic pressures
What causes exudates
Inflammation of the pleura or decreased lymphatic drainage
