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Adult emergencies 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the Hypothalamus

A

lower middle of the brain

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2
Q

Where is the pituitary gland

A

inferior to the hypothalamus psoterior to te sinus cavity

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3
Q

Where is the Thyroid gland

A

butterfly shaped gland that lies flat against the trachea in the anterior neck

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4
Q

Where is the parathyroid

A

four tiny glands located posterior adjacent to or inferior to the thyroid

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5
Q

Where are the adrenal glands

A

two triangular glands, each located superior to a kidney

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6
Q

Where is the Pineal gland

A

inferior and posterior to the thalamus

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7
Q

What hormones does the hypothalamus produce

A

growth hormone, thyrotropin, corticotropin, gondrotropin, prolactin

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8
Q

What hormones does the pituitary gland release

A

oxytocin, antidiuretic (arginine vasopressin) , prolactin

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9
Q

What is are some thyroid disorders

A

hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, myxedema, thyroid storm, thyrotoxicosis

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10
Q

List disorders of the pancreas

A

diabetes mellitus 1&2, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHNS)

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11
Q

Disorders of the adrenal glands

A

Addison’s disease, cushings syndrome

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12
Q

what things can CPAP do for a patient

A

maintain airway pressure , maintain patency of small airways and alveoli, improve gas exchange, improve delivery of bronchodilators, moves extracellular fluid into vasculature, reduce work of breathing

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13
Q

list indications for CPAP

A

CHF, pylmonary edema-near drowning-inhalation exposure, COPD,Asthma,Pneumonia

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14
Q

list contraindications to CPAP

A

Altered LOC or unconscious, upper airway trauma, hypotension0CHF, Pneumothorax, apneic, serious dysrhythmias, NV, GI bleeds

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15
Q

What are symptoms of Graves disease

A

swollen neck, and often protruding eyes

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16
Q

what is addisons disease

A

shrinking of the adrenals

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17
Q

What is cushings syndrome

A

abnormal high levels of corticosteroid

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18
Q

what is a characteristic of cushings syndrome

A

moon face and red

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19
Q

what is a characteristic of addisons disease

A

hyperpigmentation

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20
Q

where are the adrenal glands located

A

on top of each kidney

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21
Q

what are the 3 classifications of renal failure and how do they happen

A

prerenal-poor perfusion, intrarenal-conditions that damage tissure, and postrenal-obstruction of urine from both kidneys

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22
Q

what percent of blood flow per beat does the kidney receive

A

about 25% per beat..approx 1L per minute

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23
Q

what is a normal BUN level

A

10-20

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24
Q

acute renal failure happens how

A

rapid onset,

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25
Q

chronic renal failure happes how

A

gradually over months

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26
Q

what do ESRD patients get CHF

A

due to fluid overload

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27
Q

Hyperkalemia is

A

getting too much potassium..

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28
Q

what is renal calculi

A

kidney stones

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29
Q

what is fourniers gangrene

A

bacterial infection of the skin that affects the genitals and perineum

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30
Q

what is phimosis

A

tightness of the foreskin of the penis

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31
Q

what do the nephrons do

A

functional unit of kidney, filter bood, remove waste and produce urine

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32
Q

renal failure may result in what

A

uremia, hyperkalemia, acidosis, hypertension, and volume overload with CHF

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33
Q

systemic disease linked with diabetes and hypertension

A

chronic renal failure

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34
Q

inflammation of part the the male reproductive system

A

epididymitis

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35
Q

can cause bascular infarction and loss of function

A

testicular torsion

36
Q

infectious process that causes dysuria and hematuria

A

urinary tract infection

37
Q

causes include enlarged prostate and CNS dysfunction

A

urinary retention

38
Q

caused by an excess of insoluble salts in the urine

A

urinary calculi

39
Q

upper urinary infection treated with IV antibiotics

A

pyelonephritis

40
Q

what are 5 things doc lohmeier says never do

A

withhold treatment,no alcohol at work, failure to remediate, falsify medical records,intent to harm a patient, actively ignore protocol,

41
Q

about 95% of the volume of formed elements consists of

A

red blood cells, erythrocytes

42
Q

white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets make up what percent of formed elements of blood

A

5%

43
Q

this is characterized by an unusually large number of RBC’s in the blood

A

polycythemia

44
Q

this is caused by a deficiency of blood protein called factor VIII

A

Hemophilia A

45
Q

this is caused by a deficiency of factor IX

A

Hemophilia B

46
Q

low platelet count is called what

A

thrombocytopenia

47
Q

what are the 5 T’s and 1 P of arterial ischemia

A

Pain, Pallor, parethesias, paralysis, pulselessness, temperature

48
Q

what are symptoms of a DVT Deep Vein Thrombosis

A

leg pain-especially in calf, redness, warm/hot, loss of pulses, positive homan’s sign-pain with dorsiflexion, can cause pulmonary emboli

49
Q

what are the two seizure classification types

A

generalized seizures and partial seizures

50
Q

what is status epilepticus

A

clinical or subclinical seizure lasting longer than 30 minutes

51
Q

Aura

A

recurrent feeling that may warn the patient that a more involved seizure is about to begin

52
Q

what is c. diff colitis

A

inflammation of the colon caused by the bacterium colstridium difficile

53
Q

what is communicability period

A

stage of infection that begins when the latent period ends and continues as long as the agent is present and can spread to other hosts

54
Q

what is disease period

A

stage of infection that gollows the incubation period; the duration of tis stage varies with the disease

55
Q

what are the differences between the hepatitis A,B,C

A

A- viral ..B-

serum, C-non-A/non-B

56
Q

what is incubation period

A

stage of infection during which an organism reproduces , it begins with invasion of the agent and ends when the disease process begins

57
Q

what is latent period

A

stage of infection that begins when a pathogenic agent invades the body and ends when the agent can be shed or cummunicated

58
Q

what is the chain of transmission

A

agent, reservoir, exit, route of transmission, entry, susceptible host

59
Q

what are 3 routes of transmission

A

contact, droplet,airborne

60
Q

what are 2 other routes of transmission of disease

A

vehicle and vector

61
Q

name 3 diseases that are spread by airborne route

A

TB, chicken pox, measles

62
Q

Alcohol will not kill spore-forming agents..name 2

A

C. diff, and Anthrax wound drainage

63
Q

the body is protected form infectious disease by external and internal barriers , what are they

A

external-skin, gastro system, upper resp tract and genitourinary tract. Internal-inflammatory response and immune response

64
Q

what are the 4 stages of progression of infectious disease

A

latent, incubation, communicability, and disease period

65
Q

hepatitis is a ________ disease

A

viral

66
Q

rabies is a _______________ disease

A

acute viral infection of the CNS

67
Q

infection that produces influenza like symptoms, dark colored urine and light colored stools

A

hepatitis

68
Q

humoral immunity are

A

antibodies-proteins produced by certain white blood cells

69
Q

cell mediated immunity

A

white blood cells-numerous types

70
Q

list the bloodborne pathogens

A

AIDS,Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C,

71
Q

list the routine vaccine preventable diseases

A

measles, mumps,rubella,pertussis,tetanus,chicken pox

72
Q

list the misc bacterial diseases

A

meningitis,TB, lyme disease

73
Q

list the misc viral diseases

A

Hepatitis A, Influenza,Rabies, Mono, genital herpies, syphillis,chlamydia,

74
Q

what are 2 ectoparasites

A

lice, scabies

75
Q

macular rash that can cause severe birth defects if a susceptible mother is exposed

A

Rubella

76
Q

bacterial pulmonary infection spread by airborne droplets

A

TB

77
Q

viral infection that impairs the ability of the body to fight other infectious disease

A

HIV

78
Q

Sexually transmitted disease characterized in the early stage by a painless chancre

A

herpes simplex

79
Q

inflammation of lining of the central nervous system that may produce headache, stiff neck, seizures and coma

A

meningitis

80
Q

bacterial infection that produces mocupurulent discharge but rarely causes septicemia

A

gonorrhea

81
Q

generalized illness accompanied by vesicular lesions, fever and malaise

A

varicella

82
Q

what is the primary mode of transmission for rubella, mumps, and varicella

A

respiratory droplets

83
Q

childhood disease violent cough can persist for 1 to 2 months

A

pertussis

84
Q

secondary complication of influenza often associated with severe illness or death

A

pneumonia

85
Q

mono affects what organ and can be severe

A

spleen

86
Q

which body system harbors the dormant herpesvirus

A

nervous system

paramedic (9 decks)

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