Adult emergencies 4 Flashcards
Where is the Hypothalamus
lower middle of the brain
Where is the pituitary gland
inferior to the hypothalamus psoterior to te sinus cavity
Where is the Thyroid gland
butterfly shaped gland that lies flat against the trachea in the anterior neck
Where is the parathyroid
four tiny glands located posterior adjacent to or inferior to the thyroid
Where are the adrenal glands
two triangular glands, each located superior to a kidney
Where is the Pineal gland
inferior and posterior to the thalamus
What hormones does the hypothalamus produce
growth hormone, thyrotropin, corticotropin, gondrotropin, prolactin
What hormones does the pituitary gland release
oxytocin, antidiuretic (arginine vasopressin) , prolactin
What is are some thyroid disorders
hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, myxedema, thyroid storm, thyrotoxicosis
List disorders of the pancreas
diabetes mellitus 1&2, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHNS)
Disorders of the adrenal glands
Addison’s disease, cushings syndrome
what things can CPAP do for a patient
maintain airway pressure , maintain patency of small airways and alveoli, improve gas exchange, improve delivery of bronchodilators, moves extracellular fluid into vasculature, reduce work of breathing
list indications for CPAP
CHF, pylmonary edema-near drowning-inhalation exposure, COPD,Asthma,Pneumonia
list contraindications to CPAP
Altered LOC or unconscious, upper airway trauma, hypotension0CHF, Pneumothorax, apneic, serious dysrhythmias, NV, GI bleeds
What are symptoms of Graves disease
swollen neck, and often protruding eyes
what is addisons disease
shrinking of the adrenals
What is cushings syndrome
abnormal high levels of corticosteroid
what is a characteristic of cushings syndrome
moon face and red
what is a characteristic of addisons disease
hyperpigmentation
where are the adrenal glands located
on top of each kidney
what are the 3 classifications of renal failure and how do they happen
prerenal-poor perfusion, intrarenal-conditions that damage tissure, and postrenal-obstruction of urine from both kidneys
what percent of blood flow per beat does the kidney receive
about 25% per beat..approx 1L per minute
what is a normal BUN level
10-20
acute renal failure happens how
rapid onset,
chronic renal failure happes how
gradually over months
what do ESRD patients get CHF
due to fluid overload
Hyperkalemia is
getting too much potassium..
what is renal calculi
kidney stones
what is fourniers gangrene
bacterial infection of the skin that affects the genitals and perineum
what is phimosis
tightness of the foreskin of the penis
what do the nephrons do
functional unit of kidney, filter bood, remove waste and produce urine
renal failure may result in what
uremia, hyperkalemia, acidosis, hypertension, and volume overload with CHF
systemic disease linked with diabetes and hypertension
chronic renal failure
inflammation of part the the male reproductive system
epididymitis
can cause bascular infarction and loss of function
testicular torsion
infectious process that causes dysuria and hematuria
urinary tract infection
causes include enlarged prostate and CNS dysfunction
urinary retention
caused by an excess of insoluble salts in the urine
urinary calculi
upper urinary infection treated with IV antibiotics
pyelonephritis
what are 5 things doc lohmeier says never do
withhold treatment,no alcohol at work, failure to remediate, falsify medical records,intent to harm a patient, actively ignore protocol,
about 95% of the volume of formed elements consists of
red blood cells, erythrocytes
white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets make up what percent of formed elements of blood
5%
this is characterized by an unusually large number of RBC’s in the blood
polycythemia
this is caused by a deficiency of blood protein called factor VIII
Hemophilia A
this is caused by a deficiency of factor IX
Hemophilia B
low platelet count is called what
thrombocytopenia
what are the 5 T’s and 1 P of arterial ischemia
Pain, Pallor, parethesias, paralysis, pulselessness, temperature
what are symptoms of a DVT Deep Vein Thrombosis
leg pain-especially in calf, redness, warm/hot, loss of pulses, positive homan’s sign-pain with dorsiflexion, can cause pulmonary emboli
what are the two seizure classification types
generalized seizures and partial seizures
what is status epilepticus
clinical or subclinical seizure lasting longer than 30 minutes
Aura
recurrent feeling that may warn the patient that a more involved seizure is about to begin
what is c. diff colitis
inflammation of the colon caused by the bacterium colstridium difficile
what is communicability period
stage of infection that begins when the latent period ends and continues as long as the agent is present and can spread to other hosts
what is disease period
stage of infection that gollows the incubation period; the duration of tis stage varies with the disease
what are the differences between the hepatitis A,B,C
A- viral ..B-
serum, C-non-A/non-B
what is incubation period
stage of infection during which an organism reproduces , it begins with invasion of the agent and ends when the disease process begins
what is latent period
stage of infection that begins when a pathogenic agent invades the body and ends when the agent can be shed or cummunicated
what is the chain of transmission
agent, reservoir, exit, route of transmission, entry, susceptible host
what are 3 routes of transmission
contact, droplet,airborne
what are 2 other routes of transmission of disease
vehicle and vector
name 3 diseases that are spread by airborne route
TB, chicken pox, measles
Alcohol will not kill spore-forming agents..name 2
C. diff, and Anthrax wound drainage
the body is protected form infectious disease by external and internal barriers , what are they
external-skin, gastro system, upper resp tract and genitourinary tract. Internal-inflammatory response and immune response
what are the 4 stages of progression of infectious disease
latent, incubation, communicability, and disease period
hepatitis is a ________ disease
viral
rabies is a _______________ disease
acute viral infection of the CNS
infection that produces influenza like symptoms, dark colored urine and light colored stools
hepatitis
humoral immunity are
antibodies-proteins produced by certain white blood cells
cell mediated immunity
white blood cells-numerous types
list the bloodborne pathogens
AIDS,Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C,
list the routine vaccine preventable diseases
measles, mumps,rubella,pertussis,tetanus,chicken pox
list the misc bacterial diseases
meningitis,TB, lyme disease
list the misc viral diseases
Hepatitis A, Influenza,Rabies, Mono, genital herpies, syphillis,chlamydia,
what are 2 ectoparasites
lice, scabies
macular rash that can cause severe birth defects if a susceptible mother is exposed
Rubella
bacterial pulmonary infection spread by airborne droplets
TB
viral infection that impairs the ability of the body to fight other infectious disease
HIV
Sexually transmitted disease characterized in the early stage by a painless chancre
herpes simplex
inflammation of lining of the central nervous system that may produce headache, stiff neck, seizures and coma
meningitis
bacterial infection that produces mocupurulent discharge but rarely causes septicemia
gonorrhea
generalized illness accompanied by vesicular lesions, fever and malaise
varicella
what is the primary mode of transmission for rubella, mumps, and varicella
respiratory droplets
childhood disease violent cough can persist for 1 to 2 months
pertussis
secondary complication of influenza often associated with severe illness or death
pneumonia
mono affects what organ and can be severe
spleen
which body system harbors the dormant herpesvirus
nervous system
