Adult Emergencies 2 Flashcards
What is the purpose of obtaining serial vital signs
looking for trends
list 3 things that can predispose the aging person to hypothermia
skin becomes thinner; loss of subcutaneous fat; and slower responses to regulate heat
what are looking for when assessing the work of breathing in an aging person
rate, color, effort, tidal volume, minute volume
The purpose of baroreceptors is
blood pressure regulation
list 2 classifications of medication that can interfere and be a detriment to an aging persons compensatory mechanisms
Ca channel blockers, Beta blockers
The purpose of chemo receptors is
chemoreceptors monitor the blood for carbon dioxide levels
list 3 obstructions that can occlude the aging ariway
Dentrues, blood, pills, mucous,
How many stages of CKD are there
5 stages
what are some conditions caused by ESRD
uremia, anemia, secondary hyper parathyroidism, electrolyte imbalance, bleeding problems, fluid retention
what is the most common type of complications with Hemodialysis
hypotension: 25% to 55%
what are some other common complications with HD
nausea, vomiting, back pain, cramps, headache,
What are the 3 defense systems the body has
barrier system, the inflammatory, the immune response
The foreign substance that breaches the bodies barrier defense system is known as
an antigen
the components that come to combat the antigen is known as
an antibody
what are top 3 causes of death in elderly
falls, MVC, burns
what is distress
negative, debilitating or harmful stress
what is eustress
positive, preformance-enhancing stress
several factors play a major role in maintaining physical health. These factors are
good nutrition,physical fitness, ample sleep, and the prevention of disease and injury.
what are the 3 stages of stress
alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion
what are four types of symptoms associated with PTSD
reexperiencing, numbing, avoidance, and arousal
what is another name for a radiological dispersion device
RDD or a dirty nuke or dirty bomb
what are the 4 factors of basic radiation protection
time, distance, shielding, quantity
radiation materials are classified into 3 types what are they
alpha,beta, gamma
the effects on specific organ systems particularly relevant to the older adult occur in
respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems
with againg the chest wall becomes _____________ as the bony thorax becomes more___________
stiffer, rigid
lung elastic recoil also _______
decreases
in aging despite the loss of lung elasticity does the total lung capacity increase, decrease or stay the same?
remains the same
Changes in chest wall compliance and weakened resp muscles and diameter of alveoli increasing, do these changes lead to and increase/decrease in residual bolume and an increase/decrease in vital capacity
increase, decrease
for an older adult what does a decreased ciliary activity mean
increased risk of infection
changes in physical structures an limit airway positioning in the aging patient are
kyphosis, scoliosis
what does GEMS stand for
geriatric,environmental, medical, social
what is poison control phone number
1-800-222-1222
What abdominal organs lie in the upper right quadrant
liver, gall bladder,head of pancreas, part of ascending and transerse colon
what abdominal organs lie in the upper left quadrant
stomach, spleen,left lobe of liver,body and tail of pancreas,part of transverse and descending colon
what abdominal organs lie in the lower right quadrant
appendix, cecum,
what abdominal organs lie in the lower left quadrant
descending colon, sigmoid colon
what abdominal organs are retroperitoneal
pancreas, kidneys ureters,
how much saliva does the body produce in one day
1 liter
what is the function of the digestive system
ingest, propel, secrete, digest, absorb, excrete
motility of the GI tract is regulated by what
hormones
how long is and what is the purpose of the esophagus
25 cm, to propel food boluses inot the stomach via peristalsis-(involuntary swallowing)
how long and what is the stomach function
10”, and mixes, secretes, stores, propels
the stomach has 3 regions, what are they
fundus, body, pyloris
what is the ph of the stomach
1.5-2
how long and what is the function of the small intestine
20 ft,secrete its own digestive juices that continue the breakdown of foods, begins process of absorbtion
what are the 3 portions of the small intestine
Duodenum 10”, jejunum 8ft, Illeum 12ft,
how long and what is the function of the large intestine
4-5 ft.-to absorb water, electrolytes and digestive juices. secrete mucin
what are the 6 portions of the large intestine
ascending (cecum & appendix), transverse, descending, sigmoid (forms stool),rectum, anal canal
gall bladder is a what and function
hollow organ, concentrates and stores bile secreted by the liver
pancreas is what and function
solid organ, secretes hormones insulin and glucagon which are responsible for regulation of blood glucose levels
what is the major enzyme released by the pancreas
amylase
the pancreas has what types of glands
endocrine and exocrine
liver is what and function
solid encapsulated organ, detoxification, stores blood clotting factors,removes damagd RBC, stores and releases glycogen
how many lobes does the liver have
2 right and left, right lobe is larger
what is the largest organ in the body
liver
the spleen is what and function
very vascular solid organ, a lymphoid organ, blood reservoir
kidneys are what type of organ
solid
what are some functions of the kidneys
form urine, maintain proper blood volume, water and electrolytes, control arterial blood, detoxify
what is the messsentery
connective tissue that holds pareital organs in place, suspends the bowel from the main membrane to hold the small intestine
what is the omentum
an additional fold of mesentery which covers, insulates, and protects the abdominal wall
what are the regions of the abdomin
epigastric, periumbilical, and hypogastric
