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paramedic > Adult emergencies 3 > Flashcards

Adult emergencies 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

within the cranal vault there are 3 space occupying substances. what are they

A

brain tissue, CSF, Blood

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2
Q

whati si the most widely accepted tool to assess LOC in a head injured patient

A

GCS

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3
Q

Describe the components of the GCS

A

best eye, best verbal, best motor response to stimulus

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4
Q

Why is using the GCS important

A

can pick up any trending

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5
Q

what is the cause of a fixed and dilated pupil

A

pressure on the 3rd cranial nerve,the oculomotor nerve, usually from compression or herniation of the tentorium of the brain

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6
Q

An epidural bleed us a what kind of bleed

A

arterial

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7
Q

a sub dural bleed us what kind of bleed

A

venous

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8
Q

of the 2 types of head bleeds which has more sudden onset

A

Arterial

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9
Q

as pressure from swelling occurs in the cranial vault, you may see the classic cushings triad. What are these classic signs

A

increase in BP, Decrease in HR, Erratic respirations

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10
Q

what is your first priority in the management of closed head injury

A

airway

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11
Q

name 2 interventions that are done pre hospital which can increase ICP

A

suctioning, intubation, poor alignment, tight c collar

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12
Q

your are assessing a patients “posturing”

describe decorticate and decerbrate

A

decorticate: flexing of upper extermities to protect the core
decerebrate: extension

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13
Q

what are the 3 most important prehospital interventions to enhace the outcome of a Closed head injury patient are

A

good outcome from a bad CHI is directly related to airway maintenane, great oxygenation and pefussing pressure

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14
Q

significant facial trauma can challenge the skills f the best Paramedic because

A

airway obstructions, difficulty maintaining an airway

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15
Q

in facial injury a mojor distracter to a life threat is

A

lots of blood

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16
Q

any patient with a major facial injury is considered to have an accompanying

A

head and neck injury

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17
Q

which cranial nerve controls eye movement

A

number 3

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18
Q

which type of facial fracture will produce total craniofacial separation

A

Le Fort 3

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19
Q

which type of fracture causes enophthalmos

A

orbital fracture, also causes entrapment fo the eye, eye is unable to move due to bone fragments/ pressure impinging on the nerve

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20
Q

list 3 things to assess for when suspicious of a mandible gracture

A

malocclusion, inability to open mouth, numbness on chin

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21
Q

you are palpating for a zygoma gracture, what are you assesing for

A

flatness fo the cheek

22
Q

you are assessing a hockey player for a possible larynx fracture. what are symptom/s are you listening for

A

hoarsness, stridor

23
Q

what are symptom/s ou palpate for when looking for a larynx fracture

A

sub Q emphysema

24
Q

the most common facial fracture is

A

nasal fracture

25
Q

define transfer of energy

A

as relates to trauma, the transfer of energy from an external source to human tissue. the injury is dependant upon the amount of force applied, the type of tissue that the force is applies to

26
Q

transfer or energy to a hollow organ such as the small bowel will cause the bowel to

A

burst like a balloon

27
Q

transfer of energy to a solid organ such as the liver will cause the liver to

A

fracture

28
Q

the amount of energy required to fracture an adult femur is more than the amount of energy required to fracture an adult ulnar bone. Why

A

related to mass and density

29
Q

when MOI involves a shearing force, the greatest shear occurs where?

A

at the points of attachment

30
Q

what are several anatomical points where shearing forces can cause damage. Name 2 of these

A

Ligament of Trietz in abdomen, Ligamentum Atteriosum off the aorta

31
Q

what mechanism suggests why is a car crash at 70 MPH more deadly than a head on a 10 MPH

A

high velocity vs low velocity, the sudden deceleration of 70 mph vs 10 mph

32
Q

true or false, penetrating injury from a bullet always follows a straight pathway once in the body

A

false

33
Q

name 3 types of forces, besides shearing forces, which are involved in MOI’s

A

comprssion, acceleration-deceleration, penetrating

34
Q

what is the best score on the GCS

A

15

35
Q

list the motor response in the GCS….remember 4.56

A 
6-obey comands
5-localize to stimuli
4-withdraws from stimuli
3-abnormal flexion-decorticate
2-extensor response-decerebrate
1-no response
36
Q

list the verbal response in the GCS

A 
5-alert and oriented
4-confused yet coherent, speech
3-inappropriate words and jumbles phrases
2-incomprehensible sounds
1-no sounds
37
Q

list the eye opening response in the GCS

A

4-spontaneous eye opening
3-eyes open to speech
2-eyes open to pain
1-no eye opening

38
Q

how much blood loss can occur in your pelvis

A

2L

39
Q

how much blood loss can occur in your thigh

A

1L

40
Q

how much blood loss can occur in your tibia

A

500ml

41
Q

where should you always splint a limb

A

above and below the injury

42
Q

when do you document CMS

A

before and after splinting

43
Q

what is volkmanns contracture

A

claw like contraction of hand and arm deformity from ischemia

44
Q

where is a boxer’s fracture

A

5th metatarsal

45
Q

what organs can pelvic fractures damage

A

bladder, urethra, reproductive organs, and sacral nerve

46
Q

what are the six P’s of compartment syndrome

A
  1. Pain
  2. Pallor
  3. Pulses
  4. Pressure
  5. Paralysis
  6. Parasthesia
47
Q

what is lafort 1 injury

A

separates hard palate, teeth, from maxilla

48
Q

what is lafort 2 injury

A

pyramid fracture of mid face separates nasal and lower maxilla from facial skull and cranial bones

49
Q

what is lafort 3 injury

A

separates the entire mid face from the cranium

50
Q

Name what each cranial nerve represents..1,2,3,6,7

A 
1- olfactory
2-optic
3- ocular  movement 
6-facial nerve
7- auditory nerve

paramedic (9 decks)

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