Adult & Child Immunisation

Question 1

What is meant by disease containment?

Answer 1

Disease no longer significant health problem

e.g. Tetanus, diphtheria - can’t eliminate due to animal host

Question 2

What is meant by disease elimination?

Answer 2

Remove agent from area/continent (may be re-introduced)

Need to maintain high level coverage

Question 3

What is meant by disease eradication?

Answer 3

Disease + casual agent removed worldwide

e.g. smallpox - can stop vaccination

Question 4

How do we know vaccines are safe?

Answer 4

• Thoroughly tested pre-license
• New vaccines have triangle symbol
• Suspected reaction reported via yellow card scheme

Question 5

What immunisations are individual for clinical risk groups?

Answer 5

• Influenza
• Pneumococcal disease
• Hepatitis B
• Shingles

Question 6

What booster immunisations are offered?

Answer 6

• Tetanus
• Diphtheria
• Polio

Question 7

What is the influenza vaccine composition?

Answer 7

• 2 flu strains
• Single IM dose
• Given annually

Question 8

What are the recommendations for use of the influenza vaccine?

Answer 8

• all children 2-9, all people >= 65
• people in clinical risk groups
• pregnant women
• cares of elderly/disabled
• frontline health care staff

Question 9

What are the clinical risk groups for the influenza vaccine?

Answer 9

• Chronic resp disease
• Chronic heart disease
• Diabetes
• Chronic renal disease
• Chronic liver disease
• Chronic neurological disease (stroke, MS)
• Weakened immunity

Question 10

What illnesses does pneumococcal infection cause?

Answer 10

Otitis media
Pneumonia
Septicaemia
Meningitis

Question 11

What is the pneumococcal vaccine composition?

Answer 11

• Polysaccharide

- One off IM dose - 5 yearly booster required for asplenics

Question 12

What are the recommendations for use of the pneumococcal vaccine?

Answer 12

• Everyone >65
• Clinical risk groups
• Asplenia or splenic dysfunction - sickle cell, coeliac disease
• Cochlear implants
• CSF leakage (CSF shunt)

Question 13

What is shingles?

Answer 13

Reactivation of VZV infection
Severity increases with age
Risk increases with age

Question 14

What is the shingles vaccine composition?

Answer 14

• Live, attenuated
• One off IM dose
• For all people 70+
• Lasts 5 + years

Question 15

What is the hepatitis B vaccine composition?

Answer 15

• Recombinant DNA vaccine
• Contains inactive HBsAG
• 3 or 4 IM doses
• Single IM booster 5 years later

Question 16

What are the recommendations for use of the hepatitis B vaccine?

Answer 16

• People in contact with HBV carrier
• High risk people - prisoners, multiple sex partners, receiving regular blood products, chronic renal/liver failure
• People at occupational risk

Question 17

What immunisations are offered to health care workers?

Answer 17

Influenza, BCG, Hep B, VSV

Question 18

What immunisations are offered to labs staff?

Answer 18

BCG, Hep A & B, Typhoid

Question 19

What immunisations are offered to prison staff?

Answer 19

BCG, Hep B

Question 20

What immunisations are offered to social care staff?

Answer 20

Influenza, BCG, Hep B

Question 21

What immunisations are offered to animal handlers?

Answer 21

BCG, rabies

Question 22

What immunisations are offered to sewage workers?

Answer 22

Hep A

Question 23

What immunisations are offered to morticians?

Answer 23

Hep B

Question 24

Is your patient is >= 65 they need…

Answer 24

Flu, PPV

Question 25

If your patient is 70 they need…

Answer 25

Shingles

Question 26

If your patient is IDU/MSM they need…

Answer 26

Hep A & B

Question 27

If your patient is pregnant they need…

Answer 27

Flu, pertussis