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Pharmacology > Adrenergic Drugs > Flashcards

Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Epinephrine

A

alpha1,2, beta1,2 agonist

  • increases HR, increases BP
  • vasoconstriction decreases spread of blood anesthetics and blood loss in surgeries
  • administered IM or SC< not oral (degraded in stomach by COMT and liver by MAO)
  • IV only in emergencies. can cause arrhythmia (inc HR) or cerebral hemmorages (inc BP)
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2
Q

Norepinephrine

A

alpha1,2, Beta1 agonist

-increases BP, decreases HR (baroreceptor reflex)

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3
Q

ephedrine

A

alpha1,2,beta1,2 agonist

  • increases HF, decreases TPR
  • induces NE release (to act as an indirect agonist)
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4
Q

phenylephrine

A

alpha1 agonist; used for nasal decongestion

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5
Q

clonidine

A

alpha2 agonist: decreases BP

  • calms sympathetic outflow
  • treats HTN
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6
Q

bromidine

A

alpha2 agonist: treats glaucoma (decreased aq humor production, decreases intraocular pressure)

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7
Q

isoproterenol

A

beta1,2 agonist

  • decrease BP, increases HR
  • broken down by COMT
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8
Q

MAST (Metaproterenol, Albuterol, Salmeterol, Terutaline

A

Beta2 agonist (bronchodilatory effects)

  • treats asthma, COPD, premature labor (decreased contractions)
  • no real heart effects
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9
Q

Metaproterenol

A

B2 agonist

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10
Q

Albuterol

A

B2 agonist

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11
Q

Salmeterol

A

B2 agonist

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12
Q

Terutaline

A

B2 agonist

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13
Q

tyramine

A

indirect adrenergic agonist (uses NET to get into presynaptic nerve in place of NE. gets into vesicles and forces NE out. DBH durns tyramine into octopamine, which acts as a false transmitter

  • exhibits tachyphylaxis
  • metabolized by MAO
  • tyramine from wine and cheese + MAOI –> hypertensive crisis from huge NE release
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14
Q

amphetamine:

A

increases NE secretion by uptake into vesicles, exhibits tachyphylaxis

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15
Q

metaraminol

A

alpha1,2 agonist

  • releases NE, can be a false transmitter
  • reduces local blood loss and spread of anesthetics during surgery like Epi
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16
Q

cocaine and methylphenidate

A

block NET, NE stays in terminal longer

17
Q

phenoxybenzamine

A

irreversible alpha1,2 antagonist

  • treats pheochromocytoma
  • SFX: reflex tachycardia due to decreased TPR, orthostatic hypotension due to lack of vasoconstriction)
  • coadminister with Epi: Epi reversal: Epi only acts at Beta receptors, decrease BP
18
Q

phentolamine

A

competitive (reversible) alpha1,2 blocker

  • releases histamine
  • SFX: reflex tachycardia due to decreased TPR, orthostatic hypotension due to lack of vasoconstriction)
19
Q

Prazosin

A

alpha1blocker

  • decrease BP, no change in HR
  • SFX: orthostatic hypotension
  • treats HTN
20
Q

Yohimbine:

A

reversible alpha2 blocker

-opposite of clonidine: increase BP, increases HR

21
Q

1st generation of Beta blockers

A

non-selective, lipid soluble, short half life, metabolized by liver, cause bronchoconstriction by B2 inhibition (bad for COPD, asthma)

  • decreases HR, HF, BP
  • treats: HTN, CHF, arrhythmia, chest pain
22
Q

propranolol

A

1st generation Beta blocker:
non-selective, lipid soluble, short half life, metabolized by liver, cause bronchoconstriction by B2 inhibition (bad for COPD, asthma)
-decreases HR, HF, BP
-treats: HTN, CHF, arrhythmia, chest pain

23
Q

Timolol

A

1st generation Beta blocker
-short acting
non-selective, lipid soluble, short half life, metabolized by liver, cause bronchoconstriction by B2 inhibition (bad for COPD, asthma)
-decreases HR, HF, BP
-treats: HTN, CHF, arrhythmia, chest pain

24
Q

Pindolol

A

1st generation Beta blocker
-partial agonist
non-selective, lipid soluble, short half life, metabolized by liver, cause bronchoconstriction by B2 inhibition (bad for COPD, asthma)
-decreases HR, HF, BP
-treats: HTN, CHF, arrhythmia, chest pain

25
Q

2nd generation of beta blockers

A

beta1 antagonists; better for asthmatics

  • decreases HR, HF, BP
  • treats: HTN, CHF, arrhythmia, chest pain
26
Q

atenolol

A

long acting beta1 antagonist

  • decreases HR, HF, BP
  • treats: HTN, CHF, arrhythmia, chest pain
27
Q

acebutalol

A

beta1 antagonist

  • partial agonist
  • decreases HR, HF, BP
  • treats: HTN, CHF, arrhythmia, chest pain
28
Q

metoprolol

A

beta1 antagonist; better for asthmatics

  • decreases HR, HF, BP
  • treats: HTN, CHF, arrhythmia, chest pain
29
Q

carvediol

A

alpha1 and beta1 antagonist

-vasodilates, treats HTN, CHF, arrhythmia, chest pain, etc

30
Q

celiprolol

A

beta1 antagonist, partial beta2 agonist

  • beta blocker effects
  • beta 2 agonist –> vasodilation
31
Q

nebivolol

A

beta1 antagonist, releases NO from endothelial cells to cause vasodilation

32
Q

metyrosine

A

indirect adrenergic antagonist: inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase (RLS)

  • blocks epi/NE synth
  • treats pheochromocytoma
33
Q

methylodpa

A

indirect adrenergic antagonist: competes with dopa for dopa decarboxylase (DDC)

  • blocks NE synth, forming methyl NE (a false neurotransmitter and alpha 2 agonist- good for HTN!)
  • sympatholytic
34
Q

reserpine

A

indirect adrenergic antagonist: prevents uptaken NE from being put into vesicles (VMAT-2) , so it is instead degraded by MAO.

  • sympatholytic
  • depletes NE stores in 24 hr, takes 1-2 weeks to replenish

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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