Adrenergic and Cholinergic Drugs Flashcards by Natasha Hope

What do alpha 1 agonist do? Drugs?

Increase BP, cause vasoconstriction, dilate pupil. Pseudoephedrine and norepinephrine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do alpha 1 antagonists do? Drugs?

Cause vasodilation, decrease BP, constrict pupil. Prazosin and Doxazosin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do alpha 2 agonists do? Drugs?

Cause vasodilation, decrease BP and HR. Clonidine- for hypertension

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do alpha 2 antagonists do?

Mostly just used in research

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Beta 1– where are they found? what do agonists do and what drugs?

Found in heart and kidney. Increase BP and force of contraction. Dobutamine- Dobutrex (for heart failure) and norepinephrine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Beta 1 antagonist? What do and drugs?

Decrease BP. Propranolol- Inderal, and atenolol, metoprolol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Beta 2 agonist? Where found, what do, drugs?

Found in vascular smooth muscle and airways. Agonist used for COPD and asthma as bronchodilator. Salbutamol, Salmeterol, and Epinephrine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Beta 2 antagonist? What do and drugs?

Decrease BP and HR but can also cause bronchoconstriction if not cardio selective. Propranolol, Timolol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Beta 3 agonists? Where found, what do, drug?

In fat cells and muscle of bladder. Decreases urgency of overactive bladder. Mirabegron (Myrbetriq)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are four cholinergic agonist drugs?

Acetylcholine- Miochol-E- for cataract surgery to keep eye constricted
Bethanechol- Duvoid- for urinary retention bc stims bladder to empty
Donepezil- Aricept
Galantamine- Reminyl ER- both Alzheimers disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are some anticholinergics? 3 broad categories

Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, nortriptyline)
Antihistamines- diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine
Antimuscarinics (oxybutynin, hyoscine, scopolamine, tiotropium)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the imbalance in epilespy?

Too much Glutamate and not enough GABA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are some 1st gen anti-epileptics?

phenytoin- Dilantin
carbamazepine- Tegretol
phenobarbitol
sodium valproate/valproic acid- Depakene
divalproex- Epival

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are 2nd gen anti-epileptics?

gabapentin-Neurontin
pregabalin- Lyrica
lamotrigine- Lamictal
levetiracetam- Keppra
topirimate-Topamax

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the side effects or issues with anti-epileptics?

1st gen has narrow therapeutic index so needs a lot of monitoring.
-increase risk of hormonal BC failure
-avoid abrupt withdrawal-need to taper
-abuse potential because euphoria
PHENYTOIN- hirsutism and gingival hyperplasia. Also highly PPB and CYP 450 inducer
CARBAMAZEPINE-no grapefruit
VALPROIC- CYP450 inhibitor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are names of general anaesthetics? (3 inhaled and 3 intravenous)

Nitrous oxide
Isoflurane
Sevoflurane

Propofol
Etomidate
Ketamine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Names of local anaesthetics? (6)

Cocaine
Procaine
Bupivacaine
Benzocaine
Prilocaine
Lidocaine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What NT is deficient in Parksinsons?

Need to increase dopamine or decrease Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the drug classes to treat parkinsons? (6 types)

L-DOPA
Dopamine Agonists
Anticholinergics
Amantadine
COMT inhibitors
MAO-B inhibitors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is L-DOPA and what are the side effects?

Levodopa-Carbidopa (Sinemet)
May need decreasing over time to avoid N/V and may be less responsive over time-take drug holidays
Levodopa induced dyskinesia as well.- uncontrolled involuntary movement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the dopamine agonist drugs (2)

Pramipexole (Mirapex) and ropinirole (Requip)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the anticholinergics for parkinsons? (2)

Benztropine and Procyclidine. They block effect of acetylcholine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does Amantadine do in Parkinsons?

Reduces dyskinesia, improves muscle control and reduces stiffness

What is the COMT inhibitors?

Entacapone- carbidopa-levodopa (Stalevo)- they prevent breakdown of levodopa

What is the MAO-B inhibitor?

Selegiline- Eldepryl. Prevents breakdown of dopamine

What NT is affected in migraines?

Low serotonin levels causes blood vessels to swell

What are the groups of abortive therapies for migraine? (4)

5-HT1 Receptor Agonists (Triptans) Ergot Preparations Anti-emetic agents Analgesics

What are the 5-HT1 (serotonin) receptor agonists? (6)

rizatriptan (Maxalt) sumatriptan (Imitrex) zolmitriptan (zomig) eletriptan (Relpax) almotriptan (Axert) frovatriptan (Frova)

What are the Ergot alkaloids?

dihydroergotamine (Migranal) nasal spray or injectable

What is the problem with use of ergots?

Ergotism or Ergot Poisoning. With overuse, can lead to convulsions and gangrenous fingers and toes

What are some analgesics for headaches?

NSAIDS, Tylenol with codeine, butorphanol nasal spray (Stadol), and tramadol (Ultram)

What are some anti-emetics for headaches?

metoclopramide, dimenhydrinate (Gravol), and domperidone

What NT is affected in dementia/alzheimers?

Decrease in acetylcholine

What are the two groups of treatment for dementia?

Reversible inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist

What are the reversible inhibitors of AChE? (3)

Donepezil- Aricept Galantamine- Reminyl ER Rivastigmine-Exelon

What is the NMDA drug?

memantine- Ebixa

What NT's are low in ADHD?

Norepinephrine and Dopamine are low

What are the short acting CNS stimulants for ADHD? (2)

methylphenidate- Ritalin dextroamphetamine- Dexedrine

What are the intermediate CNS stimulants for ADHD? (2)

methylphenidate ER- Ritalin SR dextromphetamine SR

What are the long acting CNS stimulants for ADHD? (3)

methylphenidate modified release- Concerta, Biphentin amphetamine mixed salts- Adderall XR lisdexamphetamine- Vyvanse

What is the non stimulant for ADHD?

Atomoxetine- Strattera

What NT's are affected in anxiety/insomnia?

low GABA and serotonin

What is the short acting benzo? (for anxiety) less than 12 hrs

midazolam- Versed

What are the intermediates BDZ? (5)

alprazolam-Xanax clonazepam- Rivotril lorazepam- Ativan oxazepam- Serax temazepam- Restoril

What are the long acing BDZ? (2)

diazepam- Valium flurazepam-Dalmane

What is the barbiturate for anxiety?

phenobarbital- its an anticonvulsant

What are the Z drugs? (2)

zopiclone- Imovane zolpidem- Sublinox

What NTs are affected in depression?

Low levels of serotonin and norepinephrine

What are the 3 groups of drugs for depression?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)

What are the SSRIs? (6)

fluoxetine- Prozac sertraline- Zoloft paroxetine- Paxil citalopram- Celexa escitalopram- Cipralex fluvoxamine- Luvox

What are the SNRIs? (3)

venlafaxine- Effexor desvenlafaxine- Pristiq duloxetine-Cymbalta

What are the tricyclic antidepressants? (4)

amitriptyline- Elavil nortriptyline- Aventyl imipramine doxepin

What NT is affected in psychosis?

Dopamine is too high

What are the typical antipsychotics 1st gen- non-selective dopamine receptor antagonists?

chlorpromazine prochlorperazine flupentixol haloperidol

What are the atypical antipsychotics? 2nd gen- serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonists?

risperidone olanzapine quetiapine ziprasidone aripiprazole clozapine