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Endo2 > Adrenals Exam 2 > Flashcards

Adrenals Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What zona are mineralocorticoids in?

A

Zona glomerulosa

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2
Q

What are hormones of the inner medulla ?

A

Catacholamines

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3
Q

Glucocorticoids induce the synthesis of ________that inhibits photolipase A2

A

Lipocortin

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4
Q

What are a couple symptoms of Cushings.

A

Poor wound healing, osteoporosis, strie, hypertension ACTH low.

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5
Q

What 3 things inhibit ACTH secretion ?***

A

Increased blood cortisol levels, opioids, somatostatin

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6
Q

Where are the adrenals located?

A

The retro peritoneal cavity on the top of the kidney

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7
Q

What types of hormones control sodium and potassium?

A

Mineralocorticoids

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8
Q

Are medullary hormones fast or slow?

A

Fast

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9
Q

A patient with moon face, buffalo hump, and central obesity are symptoms of what disease?

A

Cushings

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10
Q

What are symptoms of Cushings DISEASE ?

A

HIGH ACTH

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11
Q

Prolonged exposure to an increase of glucocorticoids what is that called?

A

Cushings

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12
Q

When does the largest burst of ACTH and cortisol occur?

A

Just before awakening

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13
Q

Cholesterol requires what enzymes?

A

Cytochrome P-450, O2, and NADPH

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14
Q

Where does most of the secretion happen in the adrenals?

A

Cortex (mesoderm)

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15
Q

what effect does GC in the fetus?

A

Lung (alveoli and production of surfactant)

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16
Q

What inhibits the release of histamine and serotonin from mast cells and platelets?

A

Glucocorticoids

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17
Q

What is a synthetic glucocorticoid that has all the actions of cortisol but is more potent?

A

DXS

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18
Q

When is the lowest secretory Rates of cortisol?

A

During evening hours just before falling asleep

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19
Q

Does a low dose of ACTH suppress cortisol secretion

A

No (high dose does)

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20
Q

What enzyme converts progesterone to 11-deoxy or to 17-hyroxy to 11-deoxycortisol

A

21 B-hydroxylase

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21
Q

Most of the cholesterol is provided via_____, small amounts are synthesized within the________?

A

Circulation, cortex

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22
Q

What are some physiologic functions of glucocorticoids?

A

Anti inflammatory, suppress immune response (thymus), inhibition of bone formation, increase GFR

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23
Q

What do glucocorticoids inhibit that prevent rejection of transplanted organs?

A

IL-2, and proliferation of T lymphocytes

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24
Q

With sustained stimulation what can happen to output>?

A

Increase manyfold

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25
Q

What drugs inhibit glucocorticoids?

A

Metyrapone, Ketoconazole

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26
Q

What type of hormone affects body fuel metabolism?

A

Glucocorticords

27
Q

Amount of corticosterone a day?

A

2mg

28
Q

Slower acting cortical hormones do what 3 things?

A

Maintain or INCREASE sensitry to medullary hormones, maintain or enhance capacity of tissue to respond to medullary hormones, act as modulators rather that initiators of response.

29
Q

How is secondary adrenocortical insufficiency different than Addison’s disease

A

ACTH level are low, no hyperpigmenation

30
Q

What is more common 17a-hydroxy or 21 B-hydroxy

A

21 B-hydroxy

31
Q

What is an auto immune destruction of the entire adrenal cortex ?

A

Addison’s disease

32
Q

The secretion of minderalocorticoids are controlled mainly by what?>

A

Renin-angiotensin system (kidney)

33
Q

The medulla is also know as the ________?

A

Ectoderm

34
Q

Aldosterone produced a day ?

A

150 ug

35
Q

Cortisol secretion is in a _______and_____ fashion

A

Pulsatile, diurnal

36
Q

What effects does GC have on REM sleep, slow way, and wakefulness.

A

Decrease REM, increase slow wave and wakefulness

37
Q

The secretion of glucocorticords is controlled by what?

A

ACTH (anterior pituitary)

38
Q

Are cortical hormones fast or slow ?

A

Slow

39
Q

Is the adrenal medulla required for survival?

A

No (if rest of SNS is intact)

40
Q

What hormone has an effect on the testes?

A

Androgens

41
Q

A prolonged exposure to increased Glucocorticicoids often leads to what?

A

Diabetes mellitus

42
Q

What is essential for survival during fasting and why?

A

Glucocorticoids. Gluconeogenesis

43
Q

Do the adrenal cortex and medulla work together both internally and externally ?

A

Yes

44
Q

Without the adrenals, electrolyte levels and CHO metabolism would be impaired leading to?

A

Circulatory collapse or hypoglycemia coma

45
Q

Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency is mainly caused from what?

A

Insufficient ACTH

46
Q

What zonas produces glucocorticoids?

A

Zona reticularis, zona fasciculata

47
Q

In tissues what can convert cortisol (active) to cortisone (inactive) ?

A

11 B hydroxysteroid

48
Q

What is the precursor for all adrenocortical steroids?

A

Cholesterol

49
Q

What is the most likely causes of death because of adrenocortical insufficiency?

A

Circulatory collapse secondary to Na depletion

50
Q

What types of hormones specifically are released from the cortex>?

A

Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens

51
Q

Without the adrenals what would happen?

A

Deranged electrolyte levels or carb metabolism

52
Q

What hormones are secreted from the medulla specifically ?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

53
Q

What has a tonic secondary effect on aldosterone?

A

ACTH

54
Q

Amount of cortisol a day

A

20mg

55
Q

What percent of patients with Cushings are also diabetic ?

A

20%

56
Q

The secretion of androgens are controlled by what?

A

ACTH (anterior pituitary)

57
Q

Amount of androgens a day ?

A

10-15 a day

58
Q

What does cholesterol circulated bound to?

A

LDL (receptors for LDLs are in the membrane of adrenocortical cells)

59
Q

Neither low nor high doses of DXS suppresses cortisol secretion indicates a tumor where?

A

Adrenals cortex

60
Q

What plays a crucial role in the acute response to stess?

A

Adrenal medulla

61
Q

The cortex is also know as________?

A

Mesoderm

62
Q

What zonas are androgens located?

A

Zona reticularis, Zona Facsciculata

63
Q

What are hormones of the outer cortex?

A

Steroids

Endo2 (4 decks)

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