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Histology > Adrenal glands > Flashcards

Adrenal glands Flashcards

1
Q

How many arteries vascularize the adrenal glands?

A

3 arteries:
Superior superenal artery
Middle superrenal artery
Inferior Superrenal artery

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2
Q

What is the superior superenal artery a branch of?

A

from the inferior phrenic artery

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3
Q

What is the Middle superrenal artery a branch of?

A

from the aorta

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4
Q

What is the inferior superenal artery a branch of?

A

from the renal artery

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5
Q

How does the body supply blood to the artery exactly?

A

By forming a subcapsular plexus, from which arise 3 groups of vessels

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6
Q

What are three groups of vessels that directly are involved in the blood supply of the adrenal glands? how?

A
  • arteries of the capsule
  • arteries of the cortex that drain into the medulla
  • Arteries of the medulla that pass through the cortex and form medullary capillaries
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7
Q

Is the medulla vascularized by a single blood supply or dual? Explain the system.

A

Dual blood supply.

- it has an arterial supply and a venous supply

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8
Q

What are the medullary veins of the adrenal glands made of?

A

medullary capillaries and cortical capillaries –

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9
Q

How is the adrenal/superenal vein formed?

A

when the medullary veins join together, they form the adrenal/superenal vein

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10
Q

Where is the adrenal gland(s) located?

A

lie near the superior poles of each kidney

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11
Q

T/F: Cortex and medulla are 2 organs with distinct origins and functions, but similar morphological characteristics.

A

False. Even their morphological characteristics differ.

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12
Q

What are the embryonic origins of the cortex? medulla?

A

Cortex - coelomic intermediate mesoderm

medulla - neural crest cells

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13
Q

Is the Adrenal cortex divided into zones? How many? What are they?

A

Yes. Three.
Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasiculata
Zona reticularis

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14
Q

What precentage of the cortex does each zone occupy?

A

Glomerulosa: 15%
Fasiculata: 65%
Reticularis: 7%

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15
Q

How are the cells of the zona glomerulosa arranged?

A

closely packed rounded clusters

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16
Q

What does the zona glomerulosa secrete?

A

mineralcorticoids, such as aldosterone

17
Q

How are the cells of the zona fasiculata arranged?

A

arranged as straight cords that run perpendicular to the surface: 1-2 cells thick

18
Q

What does the zona fasiculata secrete?

A

Glucocorticoids: such as cortisone and cortisol

19
Q

Why do the cells of the zona fasiculata appear so pale?

A

They store lipid droplets and therefore, appear vacuolated

20
Q

How are the cells of the Zona Reticularis arranged?

A

arranged as irregular cords

21
Q

What do the cells of the Zona reticularis secrete?

A

Secrete androgens and small amounts of estrogens

22
Q

Do Cortical cells store hormones as granules? Why?

A

No because hormones are synthesized and secreted upon demand

23
Q

How are the cells of the adrenal medulla arranged?

A

arranged in a cords or clumps of polyhedral cells

24
Q

Whats so special about the adrenal medulla cells?

A

considered modified sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons –> they have lost their axons and dendrites to become secretory cells

25
Q

Is the adrenal medulla vascularized? innervated?

A

Profuse capillary supply with a few parasympathetic ganglion cells

26
Q

What is another name for the cells of the medulla?

A

chromaffin cells

27
Q

Does the adrenal cortex cells contain secretory granules? Medulla?

A

Cortex - No, because it releases steroid hormones. Medulla - yes. It secretes catecholamines - epinepherine and norepinepherine

28
Q

What do the granules in chromaffin cells contain?

A

Catecholamines, ATP, chromogranin (binding protein), and an opiate-like peptide

29
Q

How are the cells of the adrenal medulla innervated?

A

by cholinergic endings of preganglionic sympathetic neurons

Histology (6 decks)

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