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CC2Lec VI > Adrenal Glands > Flashcards

Adrenal Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of Cortical Hormomes

A

Cycloparaphenylene Ring

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2
Q

Principal Mineralocorticoid

A

Aldosterone

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3
Q

Principal Glucocorticoid

A

Cortisol

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4
Q

What layer in cortex: Cortisol

A

Zona Fasciculata

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5
Q

What layer in cortex: Aldosterone

A

Zona Glomerulosa

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6
Q

Function of Aldosterone

A
  1. Increase Osmolality
  2. Reabsorbs Sodium
  3. Excretes Potassium
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7
Q

Controls Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids in Metabolism

A

Cortisol

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8
Q

Helps in sleep wake system

A

Cortisol

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9
Q

Decreases ACTH, Cortisol?

A

Increases

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10
Q

Adrenal Androgens are weak androgens?

A

Opkors

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11
Q

Adrenal Androgens are the precursor of?

A

Estrogen and Active Androgens

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12
Q

Controls the development of secondary or physical characteristics of male?

A

Androgens

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13
Q

Increased ACTH Levels caused by: (4)

A
  1. Cushing’s Disease
  2. Ectopic ACTH Tumors
  3. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  4. Adrenal Insufficiency
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14
Q

Decreased ACTH Levels? (4)

A
  1. Surgery or Radiation Therapy
  2. Exogenous Steroids
  3. Hypopituitarism
  4. Endogenous Adrenal Tumor (Cushing Syndrome related)
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15
Q

By product of Cortisol Synthesis

A

Adrenal Androgens

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16
Q

Cells found in Adrenal Medulla

A

Chromaffin Cells

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17
Q

Cells in the medulla secretes?

A

Catecholamines

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18
Q

Nerves in the medulla

A

Splanchnic Nerves

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19
Q

Catecholamines release under

A

Neuronal Regulation

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20
Q

Process of catecholamine regulation and synthesis

A

Nerve stimuli - Acetylcholine Neurotransmitters - ACN transports to adrenal glands - Binds to receptor - Cells release catecholamines

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21
Q

Chromaffin cells are

A

Pheochromocytes

22
Q

Pheochromocytes become brown once oxidized with

A

Chromic acid

23
Q

Two enzymes involved in Catecholamine Degradation

A

Catchol o Methyl Tranferase and Monoamine oxidase

24
Q

COMT is found in

A

Synaptic cleft or cortisol of cell

25
Q

MOA is found in

A

Mitochondrial Membrane

26
Q

Cofactor of MAO

A

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide

27
Q

Cofactor of COMT

A

Magnesium

28
Q

Norepinephrine to Normetanephrine

A

COMT

29
Q

Epinephrine to Metanephrine

A

COMT

30
Q

Epinephrine to Dihydroxymandelic Acid

A

MAO

31
Q

Dihydroxymandelic Acid to Vanillylmandelic Acid

A

COMT

32
Q

Metanephrine to VMA

A

MAO

33
Q

Second step includes 3 enzymes in degradation of Catecholamines

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, aldehyde reductase

34
Q

Catecholamines derived from what AA

A

Tyrosine

35
Q

Elimination of Catecholamines (3)

A
  1. Uptake by non neuronal cells
  2. Reuptake by secretory vesicles
  3. Degradation
36
Q

Describe Epinephrine (5)

A
  1. Flight or flight response
  2. Produced by Chromaffin cells
  3. Breakdown TAGs to fatty acid and glycerol
  4. Hyperglycemic Hormone
  5. Best Specimen is urine through indwelling catheter
37
Q

Major metabolite of Epinephrine

A

VMA

38
Q

Minor metabolites of Epinephrine

A

Normetanephrine, metanephrine, Homovanillic Acid

39
Q

Norepinephrine produced in

A

Sympathetic Ganglia

40
Q

Norepinephrine are considered ____ in the CNS and SNS

A

Neurotransmitters

41
Q

Major Metabolite of Norepinephrine in CSF

A

Methoxy-Hydroxy-Phenyl-Glycol

42
Q

Major Metabolite of Nore degrade through the urine

A

VMA

43
Q

Dopamine is produced by

A

Decarboxylation of 3,4 Dihydroxyphenylalalnine

44
Q

Dopamine is a diagnosis measure for

A

Neuroadenoma

45
Q

Major intact catecholamine in the urine

A

Dopamine

46
Q

Major Metabolite of Dopamine

A

Homovanillic Acid

47
Q

Major metabolite in the pathway of dopamine degradation

A

Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid

48
Q

Catecholamine producing tumors

A

Pheochromocytoma

49
Q

Sudden release of catecholamines

A

Paroxysmal Secretory Attacks

50
Q

Plasma Meta and Noremeta are measured by

A

High Performance Liquid Chromatography

CC2Lec VI (4 decks)

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