Adrenal and Pancreatic Islet Histo

Question 1

Renal medulla tissue embryonic derivation

Answer 1

neural crest

*makes sense, the cortices look like brain gyri

Question 2

Renal cortex is derived from what embryological structure

Answer 2

mesoderm

Question 3

Zones of cortex

outer to inner

Answer 3

GFR like the kidneys!
zona granulosum (aldosterone)
zona fasiculata (cortisol)
zona reticularis (sex steroids ie androgens)

Question 4

Zona glomerulosa

Answer 4

outermost layer of adrenal

produces aldosterone

Question 5

Zona fasiculata

Answer 5

middle adrenal layer

produces cortisol

Question 6

Zona reticularis

Answer 6

innermost adrenal layer

produces sex hormones, ie androgens

Question 7

What regulates aldosterone release from the zona glomerulosum

Answer 7

angiotensin II

RAAS system

Question 8

What regulates cortisol release from the zona fosiculata

Answer 8

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

Question 9

What regulates sex hormone release from the zona reticularis

Answer 9

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

Question 10

Functional cell type in medulla

Answer 10

chromaffin
neural-like tissue (neural crest derivation)
non-regenerative

Question 11

Chromaffin cells
location
function

Answer 11

adrenal medulla

produce epi OR NE

Question 12

Catecholamine secretion

specialness

Answer 12

by chromaffin cells in adrenal medulla
each cell secretes EITHER epi OR norepi
no cells secretes both hormones

Question 13

Adrenal tumor name

Answer 13

pheochromocytoma

Question 14

Pancreatic islets are most heavily concentrated where

Answer 14

tail of pancreas

Question 15

Islet alpha cells secrete

Answer 15

glucagon

out part of islet

Question 16

Islet beta cells secrete

Answer 16

insulin

inner part of islet

Question 17

Islet delta cells secrete

Answer 17

somatostatin

paracrine and endocrine functions

Question 18

Somatostatin is secreted from which pancreatic islet cells

Answer 18

delta cells

paracrine and endocrine functions

Question 19

Islet gamma cells secrete

Answer 19

pancreatic polypeptide
inhibits enzyme secretion from exocrine pancreas
relaxes gallbladder, decreasing bile secretion

Question 20

Pancreatic polypeptide is secreted by which pancreatic islet cells

Answer 20

gamma cells
inhibits enzyme secretion from exocrine pancreas
relaxes gallbladder, decreasing bile secretion

Question 21

Innervation of pancreatic islets

Answer 21

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 22

Blood supply to pancreatic islets

capillary type

Answer 22

fenestrated capillaries

Question 23

What neuron cell type synapses on chromaffin cells in the medulla?

Answer 23

pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers