Adolescent Psychiatry Flashcards
Which is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood
ADHD
What does ADHD stand for
Attention deficit hyperactive disorder
Which gender is more affect in ADHD
Males
Aetiology of ADHD
Genetic
Familial dysfunction
Parental stress
3 core diagnostic criteria for ADHD
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Describe inattention in ADHD
Listen/attend closely to detail Sustain attention in play activities Follow instruction Finish homework Organise tasks requiring sustained application Loses/forgets things
Describe hyperactivity in ADHD
Squirming/fidgeting On the go at all times Talking incessantly Climbs over everything Restless No quiet hobbies
Describe impulsivity in ADHD
Blurts out answers Interrupts others Cannot take turns Intrudes on others Poor road safety
What is the setting criteria for ADHD
Must be present in at least 2 different settings
For example home and school
What type of history is essential in ADHA diagnosis
Collateral:
E.g parents/teachers
Which scale is used to Dx ADHA
Conner’s Comprehensive Assessment Scale
Which are ADHD medications advised not to be given at weekends/holidays
As they suppress appetite
And therefore could stunt growth in a developing child
Side effects of ADHD medications
Appetite change
Weight change
Sleep
(BP a little)
Long term complications of ADHD
Substance misuse Dissocial personality disorder Unemployment Low self esteem rate suicide Anxiety Depression
What is ADHD associated with in terms of the future (academic, employment, criminal activity, mental health problems)
Decreased academic success
Decrease employment success
Increased criminal activity
Increased adult mental health problems
Rx for ADHD
Psychoeducation
Psychological therapies
Medications
What is psychoeducation in ADHD
Give clear education and advice
Parent education/training programmes are recommended
Which psychological therapies are used to treat ADHD
CBT
Family therapy
1st and 2nd line medication Rx for ADHD
1st: Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
2nd line: Atomoxetine
What is ADHD
Neurobehavioural disorder of childhood
Developmentally abnormal inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity present across time and situations
Is autism more common in girls or boys
Boys
Which condition is autism associated with
epilepsy
What is NOT linked to autism
MMR
How is IQ associated with autism
Often associated with a lower IQ
2 core symptoms of autism
Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts
Restricted repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities
When does autism have to have developed
Present in early developmental period
Ix for autism
Specialist autism team
Detailed Hx
Collateral Hx
Observation across different settings
Rx for autism
Recognition and acknowledgement of disability
Parent training
Early intensive behavioural therapy
Support
Which drugs can help autism
Melatonin (to help sleep)
Risperidone (to help aggression)
SSRIs can sometimes help repetitive behaviour
Which drug can help sleep in autism
Melatonin
Which drug can help aggression in autism
Risperidone
Which drug can sometime help repetitive behaviour in autism
SSRI
3 broad categories of characteristic autistic behaviour
Impaired reciprocal social interaction
Impaired imagination
Poor range in activities and interests
Give an example of impaired reciprocal social interaction
abnormal response to being hurt
unawareness of existence of others feelings
Give an example of poor range in activities and interests in autism
marked distress over minor/trivial changes
insists on following rotein
Give an example of impaired imagination in autism
Few facial expressions
Avoids mutual gaze
Do not act adults roles
