Adolescent

Question 1

Adolescent parenting is assoc w:

Answer 1

Lower lifetime educational achievement
Lower income
Increased reliance on social support programs

Experiencing social and family difficulties
Whose mothers were adolescent mothers
Undergoing early puberty
Who have been sexually abused
With frequent school absenteeism or lacking vocational goals
With siblings who were pregnant during adolescence
Who use tobacco, alcohol and other substances
Who live in group homes, detention centers or are street-involve

Question 2

First line contraception and failure rate?

Answer 2

LARCs

<1%

Question 3

Biggest barrier to contraception use

Answer 3

Cost

Question 4

How to improve adherence to contraception?

Answer 4

Provide a year supply

Question 5

What dose of Estradiol in COC should you use?

Answer 5

30-35 mcg of ethinyl estradiol (EE)

EE doses below 30 mcg may be associated with poorer bone mineralization in youth

Question 6

Smoking initiation associated with:

Answer 6

• Older age at time of parental smoking cessation (if parents are ex-smokers)
• Low socio-economic status
• Peer and family influence, including lack of parental support
• Misinformation about the health consequences of smoking
• Easy access to tobacco products
• Influence of marketing, exposure to tobacco promotions
• Previous experimentation
• Depression and mental health conditions
• Poor school performance
• Adverse experiences such as:
  
  • emotional, and physical or sexual abuse,
  • parental separation or divorce,
  • a household member who is substance abusing, mentally ill or incarcerated

Question 7

Motivational interviewing

Answer 7

Open ended Qs
Reflective listening
Affirmation
Summary statements
Eliciting change talk

Question 8

Who is at risk for unprotected intercourse:

Answer 8

–Social and family difficulties
–Child of a teen mom
–History of sexual abuse
–Early puberty
–Frequent school absences 
–Siblings with teen pregnancies
–Use of tobacco, alcohol, other substances
–Living in group homes, detention centers, street-youth

Question 9

Estimated number of street involved youth in Canada in 2007

Answer 9

150,000

Question 10

Causes of street involved youth?

Answer 10

poverty
dysfunctional family life
violence
abuse
mental illness
parental drug use

Question 11

Street involved youth - higher risk of?

Answer 11

• TB, asthma, dental caries, skin infections, lice, scabies, malnutrition, injuries
• Hep B and HPV
• STI
• Mental health issues (those with mental illness also at higher risk of running away)
  substance abuse

Question 12

Comorbid conditions for gambling

Answer 12

personality disorders
substance abuse
ADHD
anxiety
depression

Question 13

What is best treatment for Anorexia Nervosa?

Answer 13

Family based treatment

Parents are given responsibility to return their child to physical health and ensure full wt restoration

Question 14

What are developmental concerns of a adolescent w chronic medical condition?

Answer 14

• independence and assertiveness
• physical appearance
• sexuality
• peer relationships
• school and work
• death and dying

Question 15

Chance of repeat pregnancy within 24 months after birth in adolescents?

Answer 15

23%

Question 16

Factors making smoking cessation more likely?

Answer 16

• Older teenager
• Male sex
• Teen pregnancy and parenthood
• Scholastic success
• Team sport participation
• Peer and family support for cessation
• CYP2A6 slow nicotine metabolizer

Question 17

Factors making smoking cessation less likely?

Answer 17

• Nicotine Addiction
• Mental health conditions, including ADHD
• Drug and/or alcohol use
• Chronic illness
• Family stress
• Peer and family tobacco use
• Overweight or weight preoccupation
• Developmental drive to experiment
• Fear of peer rejection
• Perceived lack of privacy and autonomy

Question 18

5 A’s of smoking cessation

Answer 18

Ask
Advice
Assess
Assist
Arrange

Question 19

Best smoking cessation intervention?

Answer 19

Individual counselling
Motivational enhancement
CBT

Question 20

How should firearms be stored?

Answer 20

unloaded, locked and separate from its ammunition.

Question 21

Physical consequences of disordered eating

Answer 21

• Nutritional deficiencies - iron and calcium
• Growth deceleration (even small reduction of energy intake)
• Menstrual irregularity (incl secondary amenorrhea
• Long-term risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis

Question 22

RF for dieting/unhealthy weight behaviours

Answer 22

Female
Overweight and obesity
Body image dissatisfaction and distortion
Low self-esteem
Low sense of control over life
Psychiatric symptoms: depression and anxiety
Vegetarianism
Early puberty

Low family connectedness
Absence of positive adult role models
Parental dieting
Parental endorsement or encouragement to diet
Parental criticism of child’s weight

Weight-related teasing
Poor involvement in school
Peer group endorsement of dieting
Involvement in weight-related sports

Certain chronic illnesses, especially diabetes
Presence of other risk behaviors: smoking, substance use, unprotected sex

Question 23

Cannabis use disorder

Answer 23

problematic pattern of cannabis use leading to clinically significant impairment in areas of function or distress within a 12-month period

leads to: reduced academic performance, truancy, reduced participation and interest in extracurricular activities, withdrawal from their usual peer groups and conflict with family.

Question 24

Cannabis withdrawal syndrome

Answer 24

2/5 psychological symptoms—irritability, anxiety, depressed mood, sleep disturbance, appetite changes

1/6 physical symptoms—abdominal pain, shaking, fever, chills, headache, diaphoresis

after cessation of heavy cannabis use

Withdrawal symptoms commonly occur 24 h to 72 h after last use and persist for 1 to 2 weeks. Sleep disturbance is often reported for up to 1 month

Question 25

Leading contributors to smoking initiation

Answer 25

access to tobacco

individual attitudes and beliefs about smoking