Adolescence and Adulthood/Gender Development

Question 1

What is Gender?

Answer 1

Gender: the meanings that societies and individuals give to female and male categories

Question 2

What is Sex?

Answer 2

Sex: the classification of individuals as females or male based on their genetic makeup, anatomy and reproductive functions

Question 3

What is the differences approach?

Answer 3

men and women are fundamentally different (men and women have different personality traits, skills, preferences…)

Question 4

What is the similarities approach?

Answer 4

men and women are basically alike in their intellectual and social behaviors (skills, abilities, personality traits, preferences …)

Question 5

How does social learning theory explain gender typing?

Answer 5

• Emphasis on learning behaviors via reinforcement/punishment and modeling
• Gender-role socialization (barbies are for girls, ninjas are for boys)

Question 6

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development

Answer 6

Cognitive capabilities determine evolution of moral reasoning

morals goes hand in hand with cognitive development

Question 7

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development (Stage 1)

Answer 7

• Preconventional morality (ages 4-10)
• Avoid punishment or gain reward
• external consequence

Question 8

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development (Stage 2)

Answer 8

• Conventional morality (after age 10)
• “Good boy” morality
• “Law and order”
• following someone else’s rules they decided on

Question 9

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development (Stage 3)

Answer 9

• Postconventional morality
• Individual principles and conscience
• internal sense of morality
• not everyone enters this stage