Adolescence

Question 1

Self Concept in Adolescence

Answer 1

• May present with contradictory traits; social situations
• Gradually combine traits into organized system
  a. integrating principles

Question 2

Self- Esteem in Adolescence

Answer 2

• Generally rises
  a. temporarily drops at school transitions
• self-esteem linked to value of activities, adjustment

Question 3

Identity Statuses (Marcia)

Answer 3

Level of exploration (E), Level of commitment (C)
High E & High C= Identity acheivement
High E & Low C= Moratorium (Crisis, choice)
Low E & High C= Identity foreclosure (expectations)
Low E & Low C= Identity diffusion (no choice)

Question 4

Adolescence: Parent- Child Relationship

Answer 4

• More tension
  a. parents strive to maintain attachment, while teens assert their independence
  b. peer influence does NOT usurp parental influence
  c. Interdependence and mutuality
  d. “storm and stress” vs. Developmental growth
  e. Minor but persistent conflict, peeks in mid-adolescence

Question 5

Prevalence and Stability of Friendship

Answer 5

• Multi-context friendships more stable than single-context ones

Question 6

Behaviors Between Friends

Answer 6

• Friends engage in more talk, task orientation, cooperation, positive affect, and effective conflict management than non-friends
  a. Friendships provide for the expression and regulation of affect

Question 7

Conflict research is contradictory (Behaviors Between Friends)

Answer 7

• More quarreling and hostility with friends than non-friends, but also more interaction
• also more likely to resolve conflicts

Question 8

Sexuality - Messages

Answer 8

Competing message between parents expressing concern for sexual activity while media is contrary

Question 9

Sexuality cont.

Answer 9

Kids whose parents talk to them about sex are more likely to use contraceptives

Question 10

Sexual Orientation

Answer 10

Questions begin between ages 6-12

Question 11

Racial/Cultural Identity Development

Answer 11

Stage 1: Conformity
Stage 2: Dissonance
Stage 3: Resistance and Immersion
Stage 4: Introspection
Stage 5: Integrative Awareness

Question 12

Stage 1 (Racial/Cultural Identity Development)

Answer 12

• Conformity
  a. Conformity with majority beliefs
  b. Racial/cultural affiliation perceived negatively, to be avoided, denied

Question 13

Stage 2 (Racial/Cultural Identity Development)

Answer 13

• Dissonance
  a. Acknowledgment that racism exists
  b. Majority and minority culture both as not all good or all bad

Question 14

Stage 3 - (Racial/Cultural Identity Development)

Answer 14

• Resistance and Immersion
  a. Self-discovery of one’s own history and culture
  b. Pride and honor in one’s culture
  c. Majority culture as oppressor

Question 15

Stage 4 - (Racial/Cultural Identity Development)

Answer 15

• Introspection
  a. Conflict of allegiance to minority group vs. personal autonomy
  b. self-identity development
  c. Dissonance between benefits of minority and majority culture

Question 16

Stage 5 - (Racial/Cultural Identity Development)

Answer 16

• Integrative Awareness
  a. Inner sense of security
  b. Can own and appreciate unique aspects of their culture as well as majority culture
  c. Conflicts resolved - greater control and flexibility
  d. All cultures have acceptable and unacceptable aspects

Question 17

Marcia Model of Identity Development

Answer 17

Level of commitment vs. Level of Exploration
Identity Achievement (High commitment high exploration)
Moratorium (Low commitment high exploration)
Foreclosure (High commitment low exploration)
Identity Diffusion (Low commitment low exploration)