Adolescence

Question 1

is a transitional period in the human life span, linking childhood and
adulthood.
- from ages 10 to 19.
- a unique stage of human development and an important time for laying
the foundations of good health

Answer 1

Adolescence

Question 2

• A period of rapid physical maturation, occurring primarily in early
  adolescence, that involves hormonal and bodily changes.

Answer 2

Puberty

Question 3

• Changes in the brain during adolescence involve the thickening of the
  corpus callosum and a gap in maturation between the limbic system and
  the prefrontal cortex, which functions in reasoning and self-regulation.

Answer 3

The Brain

Question 4

• Despite recent declines, the United States has one of the highest rates of
  adolescent illicit drug use of any industrialized nation.
• Alcohol abuse is a major adolescent problem, although its rate has been
  dropping in recent years, as has the rate of cigarette smoking.
• Parents, peers, social support, and educational success play important
  roles in determining whether adolescents take drugs.

Answer 4

Substance Use and Abuse

Question 5

have increased in adolescence, along with the percentage
of adolescents who are overweight.

Answer 5

Eating disorders

Question 6

typically starts in the early to middle adolescent years
following a dieting episode and involves the relentless pursuit of thinness
through starvation.

Answer 6

Anorexia nervosa

Question 7

involves a binge-and-purge pattern, and bulimics (unlike
anorexics) typically fall within a normal weight range.

Answer 7

Bulimia nervosa

Question 8

• Elkind describes adolescent egocentrism as the heightened self-
  consciousness of adolescents that consists of two parts

Answer 8

Adolescent Egocentrism

Question 9

• Adolescents’ belief that others are as interested in them as they
  themselves are, as well as attention-getting behavior motivated by a
  desire to be noticed, visible, and “on stage.”

Answer 9

the imaginary audience

Question 10

• The part of adolescent egocentrism that involves an adolescent’s
  sense of uniqueness and invincibility (or invulnerability).

Answer 10

the personal fable.

Question 11

 Adolescence is characterized by a number of advances in executive
function.
 Cognitive control involves effective control and flexible thinking in a
number of areas,

Answer 11

Information Processing

Question 12

States that decision making is influenced by two systems—“verbatim”
analytical (literal and precise) and gist-based intuition (simple bottom-line
meaning)—which operate in parallel; in this model, gist-based intuition benefits
adolescent decision making more than analytical thinking does.

Answer 12

fuzzy-trace theory dual-process model

Question 13

, a form of education that promotes social responsibility and
service to the community, has been linked with positive benefits for adolescents
such as higher grades, increased goal setting, and improved self-esteem.

Answer 13

Service learning

Question 14

Participation in _____ is associated with positive
academic and psychological outcomes.

Answer 14

extracurricular activities

Question 15

Identity has been challenged and commitments made, but open to new opportunities

Answer 15

Identity achievement

Question 16

Acceptance of identity and not open to any exploration of alternatives

Answer 16

Identity foreclosure

Question 17

In the process of challenging identity, actively exploring self and identity

Answer 17

Identity moratorium

Question 18

No exploration or
commitment to identity at this point

Answer 18

Identity diffusion

Question 19

proposed four identity statuses—identity diffusion,
foreclosure, moratorium, and achievement—that are based on crisis
(exploration) and commitment.

Answer 19

James Marcia

Question 20

is an adolescent who breaks the law or engages in
conduct that is considered illegal.
 Low socioeconomic status, negative family experiences (especially a
low level of parental monitoring and having a sibling who is a
delinquent), and negative peer influences have been linked to

Answer 20

Juvenile Delinquency

Question 21

o Adolescents and emerging adults have higher rates of depression than
children do.

Answer 21

Depression and Suicide

Question 22

In terms of media use and screen exposure, the average U.S. 8- to 18-
year-old spends 6½ hours a day using electronic media.
If media multitasking is taken into account, adolescents use electronic
media 8 hours a day.

Answer 22

Media Use and Screen Time

Question 23

• Many of the families that have immigrated to the United States in recent
  decades come from collectivist cultures in which there is a strong sense of
  family obligation

Answer 23

ETHNICITY

Question 24

can have extremely negative
effects on adolescents’ development, including lower academic
achievement, lower occupational attainment, and more psychological
problems.

Answer 24

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND POVERTY

Question 25

 There are similarities and differences in adolescents across different
countries. In some countries, traditions are being continued in the
socialization of adolescents, whereas in others, substantial changes in the
experiences of adolescents are taking place.

Answer 25

Cross-Cultural Comparisons

Question 26

The pressure to conform to peers is strong during adolescence, especially
during the eighth and ninth grades.
- Cliques and crowds assume more importance in the lives of adolescents
than in the lives of children.

Answer 26

Peer groups