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HS 2700 > ADOLESCENCE 16-18 > Flashcards

ADOLESCENCE 16-18 Flashcards

1
Q

When does the second brain spurt occur?

A

The second change begins around 17 years and continues into early adulthood

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2
Q

What happens to the brain at this age (16-18 years)

A

The frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex (area that controls logic and planning) are developing

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3
Q

Females attain most of their height by what age?

A

16 years

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4
Q

Boys grow until what age?

A

18-20 years

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5
Q

2 main points of brain development ted-talk video (16-18)

A
  1. This age is significant time in terms of brain development and risk taking
  2. Developing ability to take other people’s perspectives (empathy)
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6
Q

Female % fat _____ and % muscle _____

A

Rises, falls (body is preparing for reproduction)

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7
Q

Males % fat _____ and % muscle _____

A

Falls, rises

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8
Q

__________ patterns are reversed so hands and feet grow first and the trunk is usually the slowest part to grow (same shoe size for longer than same height)

A

Cephalocaudal/proximodistal

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9
Q

Heart and lungs _______ in size

A

Increase

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10
Q

Heart rate _____

A

Drops

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11
Q

By 18 - 19 years what percentage of teens have had sex?

A

68%

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12
Q

True or false: females are more likely than males to report having sex without using a condon

A

True

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13
Q

Inability to be assertive with a partner may lower ________

A

Condom use

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14
Q

Since 2003, have rates of STI (chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphillis) among youth aged 15 - 19 increased or decreased?

A

Increased

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15
Q

STI infection rates are highest among what female age group?

A

15 - 19 years

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16
Q

What is the STI infection rate among women aged 15 - 19?

A

18 cases per 100

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17
Q

The STI incidence rate in women is ___ higher than the incidence rate found in males

A

4x

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18
Q

Teen pregnancy rate has ________ in Canada since ____

A

Declined, 1974

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19
Q

Teen pregnancies are more frequent among who?

A

Older adolescents and after a female leaves secondary school

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20
Q

How many pregnancies by 15 - 19 are terminated by abortion?

A

More than 1/2

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21
Q

What is the relationship between teen pregnancy and sexual activity

A

Teen pregnancy occurs more often if sexual activity started at an early age

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22
Q

Teen pregnancies occur most often in…

A
  • People that were sexually active at an earlier age
  • females from low SES single-parent families
  • females whose mother had an early pregnancy
  • females that are rejected by their peers
  • older adolescents (females that have left secondary schools)
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23
Q

What percentage of teens report that they are still unsure of their sexual orientation?

A

1.4%

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24
Q

True/false: gender is binary

A

False

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25
Q

More than ___ of students in grade 7-9 have used alcohol in the past 12 months

A

1/4

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26
Q

Alcohol consumption rates nearly ______ in grades 10 - 12

A

Double

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27
Q

16 - 19 year old youth have the _____ highest rate of impaired driving charges of any age group in Canada

A

Third

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28
Q

What percentage of women aged 16-19 have experienced at least one major depressive episode in the previous year? What percentage of men?

A

25%, 12%

29
Q

Completed suicide is ~____ times higher for adolescent boys than girls in Canada

A

3 1/2

30
Q

What is the second leading cause of death in Canadian youth among 15-19 year olds?

A

Suicide

31
Q

What are 3 factors contributing to suicide? Explain them

A
  1. Triggering or stressful event: often a disciplinary crisis with the parents or some rejection or humiliation
  2. Altered mental state: state might be a sense of hopelessness, reduced inhibitions from alcohol consumption
  3. An opportunity: loaded gun, bottle of sleeping pills, etc.
32
Q

What are anti-depression drugs also known as?

A

SSRIs/SNRIs

33
Q

What are some side effects of anti-depressants?

A
  • Increased suicidal ideation
  • increased suicidal attempts
  • increased risk of suicide
  • increased hostile aggression in young populations
34
Q

Suicide rate among First Nations/inuit/metis is ____ times higher than for the rest of the population

A

6-11

35
Q

What is the leading cause of death among First Nations/invit/metis?

A

Suicide

36
Q

In Inuit Nunangat, the suicide rate among children and youth was __ times higher them for the rest of Canada between 2004 - 2008

A

33 times higher

37
Q

Grade 8 students focus on _________ whereas grade 12 students focus on the ______

A

Here and now, future

38
Q

____ of grade 12 students don’t show the operation of considering things that happen in the future

A

3/5

39
Q

What dramatically occurs during the second half of adolescence?

A

The ability to summarize written text

40
Q

What gender performs better in English studies?

A

Female

41
Q

What gender performs better in math?

A

Male

42
Q

What gender performs better in science?

A

No difference

43
Q

What are 3 predictors of early school leavers?

A
  1. History of academic failure
  2. Pattern of aggressive behaviour
  3. Poor decisions about risky behaviour
44
Q

How many full time Canadian students are employed during the school term?

A

1/2

45
Q

What percentage of Canadian adolescents won’t complete high school? How does SES impact?

A

13 -17%, increases to 30% in low SES communities

46
Q

Working more than _____ hours a week can be detrimental to grades and increases stress levels

A

15 - 20 hours

47
Q

Positive work experiences develop increased feelings of…

A

Competency and efficacy

48
Q

Working teens feel the constant pressure to…

A

Achieve more than they can handle

49
Q

Who’s theory is Theory of identity achievement

A

James Marcia

50
Q

Theory of identity achievement: 2 parts of adolescence identity formation

A
  1. Crisis
  2. Commitment
    - when a person has been through a crisis and has reached a commitment to ideological, occupational, or other goals
51
Q

What is moratorium?

A

The identity status of a person who is in a crisis but who has made no commitment

52
Q

What is foreclosure?

A

The identity status of a person who has made a commitment without having gone through a crisis (accepted parentally or culturally defined commitment)

53
Q

What is identity diffusion?

A

The identity status of a person who is not in the midst of a crisis and who has made no commitment

54
Q

Self-concept in adolescents aged 16 - 18

A

Self definitions become more abstract

55
Q

Physical traits become less dominant in __________

A

Late adolescence

56
Q

Most teens think of themselves in terms of…

A
  • Enduring traits
  • beliefs
  • personal philosophy
  • moral standards
57
Q

What are some critiques on kohlberg’s theory and moral reasoning

A
  • Many theorists believe it is too narrow of a theory
  • doesn’t fit non-western cultures
  • focuses too much on justice
  • omits the importance of empathy
  • overlooks the importance of caring
  • reasoning changes depending on the situation
58
Q

When do social groups become mixed in gender by?

A

Late adolescence, often composed of groups of dating couples

59
Q

________ and ________ become more central to social interactions in later adolescence than cliques or crowds

A

Mutual friendships and dating pairs

60
Q

It is a ______ progression from same-sex friendships to heterosexual friendships

A

Gradual

61
Q

Initially ______ is most important, then ______ friends

A

Family, same-sex friends

62
Q

The actual progression toward romantic relationships happens faster for what gender?

A

Females

63
Q

Skills gained in relating to opposite-sex peers and in mixed-gender groups prepare teens for__________

A

Heterosexual romantic relationships

64
Q

What does social competence in a variety of relationships predict?

A

The ease of the progression to romantic relationships

65
Q

According to the “Mysterious Workings of the Adolescent Brain” TedTalk by Sarah-Jayne Blakemore what part of the brain changes drastically during adolescence?

A

Prefrontal cortex

66
Q

According to the “Mysterious Workings of the Adolescent Brain” TedTalk by Sarah-Jayne Blakemore what does the prefrontal cortex do?

A

Makes decisions, plans, social interaction, self-awareness, stops us from taking risks

67
Q

According to the “Mysterious Workings of the Adolescent Brain” TedTalk by Sarah-Jayne Blakemore when is the peak of grey matter volume in the prefrontal cortex?

A

Early adolescence

68
Q

According to the “Mysterious Workings of the Adolescent Brain” TedTalk by Sarah-Jayne Blakemore what part of the brain decreases in adolescence in social cognition tasks?

A

The medial prefrontal cortex

69
Q

According to the “Mysterious Workings of the Adolescent Brain” TedTalk by Sarah-Jayne Blakemore what is said about taking on other peoples’ perspectives?

A

It is still improving from adolescence to adulthood

HS 2700 (5 decks)

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