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HS 2700 > ADOLESCENCE (12-15) > Flashcards

ADOLESCENCE (12-15) Flashcards

1
Q

Physical changes throughout adolescence includes changes in the _________________

A

Reproductive system

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2
Q

Girls who develop earlier have ______ behavioural problems than their later-developing peers

A

Fewer

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3
Q

What occurs to boys that develop earlier?

A
  • The more positive their body image
  • The better they do in school
  • The less trouble they get into
  • The more friends they have
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4
Q

The rate of Canadian teen girls/boys having sexual intercourse before 15 years has declined by ___ since the mid 1990s and sits at ______

A

1/3, ~9%

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5
Q

Elaborate on males that have sex early

A
  • Living in low SES neighbourhoods with low parental involvement
  • families who condone sexual activity
  • having lax dating rules
  • more likely to use alcohol
  • abused or neglected in childhood
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6
Q

Elaborate on females that have sex early

A
  • Experienced earlier menarche
  • low interest in school
  • dated at an early age
  • have a history of sexual abuse
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7
Q

________ is a major contributor to adolescent sex

A

Alcohol

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8
Q

What do we know about sexual behaviour

A
  • Greater the number of risk factors the greater the likelihood that they will be sexually active
  • sexual activity is predicted by moral beliefs about sex
  • sexual activity is lower in those who are involved in sports/other activities
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9
Q

____ causes growths on the genitals and is strongly associated with ____________

A

HPV, cervical cancer

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10
Q

HPV accounts for more than ____ of cervical cancer cases

A

70%

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11
Q

Canadian public health experts recommend nationwide HPV vaccines for females between ____ years as well as continued ______ for cervical cancer

A

9-45, Pap tests

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12
Q

HPV vaccines are recommended for males between ______ years

A

9-26

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13
Q

True or false: no scientific research has shown that abstinence-only sex education programs significantly increase the delay of first intercourse or reduce the prevalence of sexual behaviour in teens

A

True

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14
Q

What does making condoms more readily available to teenagers do?

A

Does not increase their rate of sexual activity but it does increase the use of condoms by teenagers who are sexually active

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15
Q

True or false: the large majority of Canadian parents believe that sex education should not be taught in schools

A

False; they believe schools should teach sex ed

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16
Q

How many major brain spurts occur throughout life?

A

Two

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17
Q

The first major brain spurt occurs at what age?

A

13-15 years

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18
Q

Explain what happens during the first brain spurt

A

The cerebral cortex becomes thicker and the neuronal pathways become more efficient

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19
Q

Adolescence is one of the ________ periods in life

A

Healthiest

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20
Q

As adolescences gain independence, they encounter numerous ___________

A

Health risks

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21
Q

What is the invincibility complex?

A

The belief that nothing bad will happen to them

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22
Q

Increased levels of sensation seeking leads to __________ which in turn leads to ________

A

Recklessness, accidents/injuries

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23
Q

Drug use among Canadian youth has steadily ________ since the 1970s

A

Declined

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24
Q

The average age of first time drug use (including alcohol) is _____ years

A

13-14

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25
The use of substances generally ________ with age, with _______, followed by _________
Increases, alcohol, marijuana/cigarettes
26
Smoking has been declining since the ____
1970s
27
True or false: youth smoking rate is consistently lower than the general population
True
28
What is the most significant mental health challenge during adolescence?
Eating disorders
29
What is bulimia?
An eating disorder characterized by binge eating and purging
30
What is anorexia nervosa?
An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation
31
Girls in western society are more likely to…
Have higher rates of eating disorders and are more likely to have negative body images
32
What minority groups are more at risk for eating disorders?
Gay/lesbian youth/teens who are unsure about their sexual orientation are at higher risk than their heterosexual peers
33
What stage of Piaget are adolescence ages 12-15 in?
Formal operational stage (4th stage)
34
What is Piaget’s formal operational stage?
When adolescents learn to reason logically about abstract concepts
35
What is systematic problem solving?
The ability to search methodically for the answer to a problem
36
What is hypothetico-deductive reasoning?
The ability to derive conclusions from hypothetical premises
37
What is naive idealism?
The mental construct of an ideal world as compared to the real world
38
What two characteristics separate adolescents from younger children?
1. The tendency to exaggerate others' reactions to one’s own behaviour 2. The tendency to base decisions on unrealistic ideas about the future
39
By what age do meta cognitive and meta memory skills for exceed those of younger children?
14-15 years
40
What serves as a central force in adolescent lives?
Schooling
41
Students show achievement and self-esteem _______ when transitioning to secondary school
Declines
42
True or false: teenagers acquire a sense of who they actually are as individuals
True
43
What factor plays an important role in the transition from child to adult?
Culture
44
What stage of Freud are adolescence ages 12-15 in?
Genital stage
45
What is the genital stage?
Period during which people reach psychosexual maturity
46
What stage of erikson's are adolescence ages 12-15 in?
Identity vs role confusion
47
What is identity vs role confusion?
The stage during which adolescents attain a sense of who they are
48
What is identity crisis?
Psychological state of emotional turmoil that arises when a sense of self becomes ‘unglued’ so that a new, more nature sense of self can be achieved
49
There is an overall ____ in self-esteem through adolescence which continues through early adulthood
Rise
50
What factors act on a teens self-esteem?
Personal characteristics, relationships, lifestyle factors and achievements
51
What is high self-esteem associated with?
Positive developmental outcomes (resist peer pressure, achieve higher grades)
52
What is low self-esteem associated with?
Poorer mental health, physical health and suicidal thinking
53
Explain kohlberg's first 2 stages of moral development
Preconventional reasoning - judgements are based on sources of authority (usually parents) Stage 1 - punishment and obedience orientation Stage 2 - individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange
54
Explain kohlberg's 3rd and 4th stages of moral development
Conventional reasoning - judgements are based on rules or norms of a group to which the individual belongs Stage 3 - mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity Stage 4 - social system and conscience
55
Explain kohlberg's last two stages of moral development
Post conventional reasoning - judgements are based on emergence of a personal authority Stage 5 - social contract orientation Stage 6 - the universal ethics principles orientation
56
Which stages of kohlberg's moral development are common in adolescences?
Stages 2/3
57
What are the three types of adolescent egocentrism?
1. The imaginary audience 2. The mythological fable 3. The personal table
58
What are gilligan's three stages of moral development for women?
Stage 1: orientation toward individual survival Stage 2: goodness as self-sacrifice Stage 3: morality of nonviolence
59
Compare between Gilligan, erikson, and kohlberg's theories
Gilligan, erikson: - individuals as interdependent - relationships of attention and response - care as strength - importance of interdependence and interpersonal connections - importance of autonomy and self-sufficiency - needs of others important Kohlberg: - individuals as separate - relationships as hierarchical or contractual - independence as strength - rights of others important
60
Underlying emotional attachment to parents remains ______ on average
Strong
61
Teenagers well-being/happiness is more strongly correlated with quality of attachment to _______ than _____
Parents, peers
62
What family structure/relationship results in less well-adjusted teens?
Step-parents
63
Divorce tends to be more difficult for what gender?
Girls
64
Friendships are increasingly ________, teens share more of their inner feelings and secrets
Intimate
65
Which characteristics of friendship are valued most?
Loyalty and faithfulness
66
Adolescent friendships are more ______
Stable
67
Teenagers become aware of attraction to opposite sex or same sex at what age?
11-12 years
68
What are short-term and long-term learning strategies at this age?
Short-term: - Peers - Commonalities with presenters - Models/diagrams - Rationale - Respect - Age similar peers Long-term: - Role models - Mind the personal fable and imaginary audience - Test their own convictions

HS 2700 (5 decks)

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