Adjunct Agents Flashcards
What is the maximum recommended daily dose of IV/IM Ketorolac in adults?
120 mg, 30mg in a dose or if <30kg: 0.5mg/kg
Ketorolac is used for short-term pain management.
What is the typical duration of action for a single dose of Ketorolac?
4–6 hours
Ketorolac primarily works by inhibiting:
COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes
Which of the following is a contraindication for Ketorolac use?
History of peptic ulcer disease
What is the typical IV dose of Ketorolac for an adult under 65 years of age?
30 mg
Is Ketorolac classified as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)?
Yes
Does Ketorolac have strong sedative effects and is often used for premedication?
No — It is not a sedative.
Can Ketorolac be used for up to 10 days in a treatment course?
No — Typically limited to 5 days of use due to side effects.
Is Renal impairment a potential side effect of Ketorolac?
Yes
Is Ketorolac safe to use in combination with other NSAIDs?
No — Increases risk of GI and renal toxicity.
What is the usual onset of action of IV/IM Ketorolac?
Onset is approximately 30 minutes.
Describe the mechanism of action of Ketorolac.
Ketorolac inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes, leading to decreased synthesis of prostaglandins which mediate pain and inflammation.
What are three common side effects of Ketorolac?
- Gastrointestinal upset
- Renal impairment
- Bleeding risk
When is Ketorolac typically used?
For short-term management of moderate to severe pain, often in postoperative settings or for renal colic.
Why is the use of Ketorolac restricted to 5 days or less?
Due to the increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, renal dysfunction, and other NSAID-related adverse effects.
What is the typical adult IV dose of Ofirmev (acetaminophen)?
15mg/kg no more than 1000mg
What is the usual onset of action of IV acetaminophen (Ofirmev)?
15 minutes
What is the primary mechanism of action of Ofirmev?
Central inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis via COX enzymes
Which of the following is a key advantage of Ofirmev over NSAIDs in perioperative patients?
No impact on platelet function or GI mucosa
Which of the following is a serious potential side effect of Ofirmev in overdose?
Hepatotoxicity
Is Ofirmev an IV formulation of acetaminophen?
Yes
Does Ofirmev provide both analgesic and antipyretic effects?
Yes
Is Ofirmev metabolized primarily in the kidneys?
No — It is primarily metabolized in the liver.
Does Ofirmev have significant anti-inflammatory properties?
No
Is Ofirmev contraindicated in patients with severe liver disease?
Yes
What is the maximum recommended daily dose of IV acetaminophen (Ofirmev) for an adult?
4000 mg/day
What is the onset of action for Ofirmev?
About 15 minutes
How long do the effects of a single dose of Ofirmev last?
Approximately 4 to 6 hours
What is the mechanism of action of Ofirmev?
Central inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis via inhibition of COX enzymes in the CNS
List two advantages of Ofirmev compared to NSAIDs.
- No effect on platelet function
- Minimal gastrointestinal side effects
What are two key side effects or risks of Ofirmev, especially in overdose?
- Hepatotoxicity
- Elevated liver enzymes
In what clinical settings is Ofirmev commonly used?
Perioperative pain control, fever management, or as a non-opioid analgesic adjunct
