Adipose Tissue

Question 1

What does a white/yellow adipose cell look like?

They are also called?

Function?

Answer 1

One big blob of fat with the nucleus crammed in the corner of the cell

Unilocular

Store lipids (triglycerides) and later catabolize and release stored lipids an as energy source

Question 2

What do brown adipose tissue look like?

What are they also called?

Function?

Most common location?

Answer 2

Multiple partitions next to each other with nucleus in center of each and fat around the rest of cell (and the cells are all separate but next to each other)

Multilocular

Generates heat by burning fat opposed to generating ATP

Upper back/posterior neck region (mostly in infants, lose it as we age)

Question 3

Microscopic structure: each adipocyte is surrounded by?

Answer 3

Connective tissue containing blood vessels and mast cells

Question 4

When you run out of carbs and need to start burning fat, what enzyme gets activated? And then what happens

Answer 4

Lipase; lipase converts lipid droplets into triglycerides, which enter the blood and are then available to tissues as energy source

Question 5

What receptors activates Gs signaling pathway?

This pathway ultimately activates what enzyme?

Answer 5

Norepinephrine (innervation of adipose tissue release norepinephrine to reach individual adipocytes)

Lipase

Question 6

What affect does leptin have on the body?

Answer 6

It makes you feel full

Question 7

Name 3 basic function of different kinds of adipokines

Answer 7

Sensitizes tissues to insulin
Regulates immune cells
Acts to increase blood pressure (angiotensinogen)

Question 8

What causes the brown color of multilocular adipose tissue?

Answer 8

Higher concentration of mitochondria

Question 9

How does heat generation work in brown (multilocular) adipose tissue?

Answer 9

Thermogenin protein (uncoupling protein) uncoupled the ETC from formation of ATP by ATP synthetase. Instead, energy generated in ETC is dissipated as heat conveyed to blood circulating through brown adipose tissue

Question 10

Why is brown adipose tissue not really found in adults?

Answer 10

Due to dominance of other heat generation or conservation mechanisms (thyroid hormone)

Question 11

How can you tell a lipoma or liposarcoma on microscopic image?

Answer 11

There will be a lot more tissue between the adipocytes (not all bunched together)

Question 12

What is a benign tumor of white adipose called?

What is a benign tumor of brown adipose called?

Answer 12

White= lipoma
Brown= hibernoma (rare)