Adipose and blood

Question 1

Funtion of adipose tissue

Answer 1

• energy storage (homeostasis)
• insulation
• cushioning
• hormone secretion (leptin)
• conversion of steroid hormones (estrogen, testosterone, glucocorticoids) to active forms
• thermogenesis

Question 2

Characteristics of white adipose

Answer 2

Single lipid inclusion (unilocular)

‘signet-ring appearance’ – cell nucleus at eccentric position

Few blood vessels

Few mitochondria

Question 3

Characteristics of brown adipose

Answer 3

Multiple lipid inclusions (multilocular)

UPC-1 (Uncoupling protein) is unique to brown adipose

Numerous mitochondria (cytochrome oxidase)

Numerous blood vessels

Sympathetic (norepinephrine) innervation regulates thermogenesis

5% total body mass of an infant

Question 4

What is the relationship of plasma to interstitial fluid?

Answer 4

Higher protein content but there are equivalent amounts of solutes

Question 5

Components of blood

Answer 5

Plasma

Erythrocytes

Buffy Coat: platelets and leukocytes

Question 6

Components of blood plasma

Answer 6

mostly water

protein:

• albumin (70kDa protein) - colloid osmotic pressure
• Water is pulled from interstitial space
• globulins = immunoglobulins (γ-globulins), nonimmune

globulins (α-globulin, β-globulin)

• fibrinogen (340kDa protein) → fibrin (323kDa)
• Clotting factor

other solutes

Question 7

Plasma vs Serum

Answer 7

Serum is plasma without fibrinogen and clotting factors

Question 8

Erythrocyte

Function and structure

Answer 8

Function

• transport of O2 and CO2
• hemoglobin (96% in adult is HbA tetramer = 2α&2β globulin chains)

Structure

• Anucleate
• biconcave discs
• all are the same size - 7.5 um

Question 9

What does the ABO blood group system use

Answer 9

glycoproteins & glycolipids attached to the extracellular domain of glycophorins (integral membrane proteins) on plasma membrane surface of erythrocytes

Question 10

2 groups of leukocytes

Answer 10

Granulocytes: Eosinophil, Neutrophil, Basophil

Agranulocytes: lymphocyte, monocyte

Question 11

Characteristics of neutrophil

Answer 11

granulocyte

most numerous WBC

multilobal nucleus

granules in cytoplasm not strongly stained

uses phagocytosis

Question 12

characteristics of eosinophil

Answer 12

granulocyte

bilobal nucleus

eosinophilic stain of granules in cytoplasm pink bumpy part

Question 13

characteristics in basophil

Answer 13

granulocyte

least numerous WBC

lobed nucleus (usually obscured by granules)

basic dyes stain granules in cytoplasm

Question 14

characteristic of lymphocyte

Answer 14

most common agranulocytes

three groups based on size: S, M, L

‘spherical’ nucleus

little cytoplasm

Three distinct functional types:

T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, Natural killer

cells

Question 15

characteristics of monocytes

Answer 15

largest WBC

differentiate into phagocytotic cells (macrophages, osteoclasts)

Question 16

Platelets (thrombocytes)

Structure and function

Answer 16

Structure

anunclear, intact membrane

derived from megakaryocytes

Function

forms blood clots

involved in the maintenance and repair of blood vessels

Question 17

red bone marrow means…

Answer 17

its is active

Question 18

yellow bone marrow means…

Answer 18

its inactive and contains adipose cells