Addictive Disorders Flashcards
Dependence syndrome
Applied to all substances deemed capable of inducing dependence (tolerance & withdrawal)
Substance Use Disorder
Diagnosis
Classified on continuum from mild(2-3 of 11 criteria) to severe (6+)
2 or more criteria within 12 month period
List of substances/classes of substance use disorders
Alcohol Cannabis Hallucinogens Tabacco Sedatives (hypnotics or anxiolytics) Inhalants Opioids Stimulants Other (unknown)
Substance dependence
3+ of following:
- compulsion to use
- impaired control over use
- withdrawal symptoms
- tolerance
- preoccupation with substance
- persistent use despite harm
Psychosis
11x more likely in regular users of methamphetamine
- 40% major depression
- 44% substance induced depression
Suicide
Addiction related
Opioid users 14x more likely
Alcohol use 30-40% of attempts
Disease model of addiction
Medical disorder characterised by brain impairment
Loss of control
Skog’s choice theory
Change ones mind
Choice is central to theory
Brain rewards systems
Dopaminergic reward system
Endogenous opioid system
Inhibition dysregulation theory
Impairment of neural system responsible for inhibiting rewarding behaviour
Cloninger’s tridimensional personality theory
3 dimensions of personality influence vulnerability
1) -novelty seeking/risk taking & impulsivity
2) - harm avoidance (caution & inhibition)
3) - reward dependence (social cues)
Cognitive theories
Addictive Disorders
- Expectancy theory
- Relapse prevention theory
PRIME Theory
Plans Responses Impulses Motives Evaluations
Motivation
Identity & self-awareness
Delirium tremens
Symptoms that may accompany withdrawal from alcohol
Gambling
Agreement between 2+ parties to risk item of value on outcome of event for profit
15% adults regularly gamble
70-90% at some point
Gambling disorder
20-40% adolescents
2.1% adults
Comorbidity
- major depression
- substance use
- antisocial personality traits
Cluster B personality disorders
Problem gambling
Cognitive errors
Illusion of control Gamblers fallacy Biased evaluation Selective recall Cognitive regret Superstitious beliefs and luck Luck as a personal quality Gambling as a source Illusory correlations
Dual diagnosis
Co-occurring mental/psychological disorder and substance use problems
Substance withdrawal
Set of physical and psychological disturbance when cease use
Substance
Psychoactive substance
Changes perception, thoughts, emotions and behaviour
Substance intoxication
Temporary behavioural or psychological changes
Addiction
Condition which body must have drug to avoid physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms
Latin addicere (enslaved)
Substance related and addictive disorders
Substance related disorders
- substance use disorders
- substance induced disorders (intoxication, withdrawal, substance/medication induced mental disorders)
No substance related disorders
- gambling disorder
Alcohol addiction
Affects GABA, dopamine, serotonin
Most dangerous to withdraw from
Most commonly abused substance n Aus
Monozygotic twins
Concordance rate
- Addictive disorders
Higher for
Alcohol , cannabis and tabacco
Integrated pathways model
Problem gambling
Biological conditioning
Emotional vulnerability
Biological factors
