Addictions Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two mechanisms of addiction

A

tolerance

reward centre

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2
Q

what is tolerance

A

defined as reduced responsiveness to a drug caused by previous administration
develops in response to many types of drugs eg opioids

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3
Q

what are the mechanisms of tolerance

A

less drug absorbed
drug metabolised faster
more drug excreted-less drug reaches active site

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4
Q

what is dispositional tolerance

A

less drug reaches the active site

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5
Q

what is pharmacodymic tolerance

A

site of action is less affected by the drug q

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6
Q

what is dependence

A

have to keep taking the drug to maintain equilibrium

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7
Q

what is the withdrawal phenomena

A

tolerance and dependence are closely linked

the withdraw is the reverse of the acute effect

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8
Q

what is the reward centre

A

nuerons from ventral tegemental area in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal Cortez
dopamine is released

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9
Q

describe cocaine and its effects

A
potent natural stimulant 
cocrain hydrochloride is snorted or injected
crack is smoked 
stimulant 
increased energy and alter ness 
increased confidence 
lessens appetite 
withdrawal-depression, irritability, agitation
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10
Q

how are reward centres used by drugs

A

heroin increases firing rate of dopaminergic neutrons

cocaine stops uptake of dopamine

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11
Q

describe amphetamine

A

similar to cocaine

can cause seizures in chronic use

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12
Q

what are examples of opioats

A
opium
morphine
diamorphine
methadone
codeine
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13
Q

describe heroin

A
snorting, smoking or infecting 
pupil constriction
available as diamorphine
bradycardia
hypotension
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14
Q

what is the effect of opiates

A

intense but transient feeling of pleasure

a rush

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15
Q

what are the side effects of opiates

A

headache and nausea
anorexia , constripation
tolerance and withdrawl

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16
Q

what is opiate withdrawal syndrome

A
craving 
insomnia
yawning
muscle pain 
dilated pupil
17
Q

describe ecstasy MDMA

A

orally
relaxed euphoric state
increase sociability
side effects- nausea, increase bp , panic

18
Q

describe cannibis

A

can be eaten or smoked or oil
relaxing
increases appetite
anxiety and panic

19
Q

describe legal highs

A

anabolic steroids
compromising of testosterone
used as antidepressant
muscle hypertrophy