Addictions

Question 1

What is addicition

Answer 1

Continued involvement or compulsion with an activity, behaviour or substance

Question 2

Addiction risk factors

Answer 2

Aggressive behaviour in childhood
Lack of parental supervision
Poor social skills
Drug experimentation
Community poverty
Mental disorders

Question 3

Protective factors

Answer 3

Good self control
Parental monitoring and support
Positive relationships
Academic competence
School anti-drug policies
Neighborhood pride

Question 4

Genetic factors in addiction

Answer 4

Account for 40-60% of a persons vulnerability to addiction

Question 5

Mental disorders and addiction

Answer 5

People with mental disorders are at greater risk of drug abuse and addiction

Question 6

Dopamine and Addiction

Answer 6

Drugs targer the brains pleasure center, dopamine increases are exaggerated and communication is altered

Question 7

Types of drugs

Answer 7

Stimulants
Depressants
and/or Hallucinogens

Question 8

Harms - the 5 L’s

Answer 8

Liver
Lover
Livelihood
Law
Losing it

Question 9

BGL and Alcohol

Answer 9

-small amount of alcohol -> BGL rises
-large amount of alcohol -> BGL decreases

therefore, any alcohol has an effect on glycaemic control

Question 10

Alcohol and Sulfonylureas interference

Answer 10

Alcohol causes a disulfiram-like reaction by causing flushing, dizziness, nausea and tachycardia

Question 11

Most commonly abused prescripton drugs

Answer 11

benzodiazepines
opioids
ritalin

Question 12

Nursing assessment

Answer 12

-screening for substance use
-LISTEN
-quantity, frequency, route and length of use
-what they use
-typical day in the life

Question 13

Cycle of change

Answer 13

pre contemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
relapse

Question 14

pre-contemplation

Answer 14

no intention of changing behaviour

Question 15

contemplation

Answer 15

aware a problem exists, no commitment to action

Question 16

preparation

Answer 16

intent upon taking action

Question 17

action

Answer 17

active modification of behaviour

Question 18

maintenance

Answer 18

sustained change - new behaviour replaces old

Question 19

relapse

Answer 19

fall back into patterns of old behaviour

Question 20

Recovery framework

Answer 20

CHIME - connectedness, hope, identity, meaning and purpose, empowerment

Question 21

Interventions

Answer 21

Harm reduction
Intoxication management
Detox (hospital v community)
Education
Rehabilitation: councilling, CBT
E-interventions: apps, support groups
Case Management

Question 22

Alcohol withdrawal risk

Answer 22

Delirium tremens (DT) - medical emergency that occurs in heavy drinkers 24-72 hours after last ingestion

Question 23

Alcohol withdrawal symptoms - stage 1

Answer 23

within 24 hours: anxiety, tremor, insomnia, headache, heart palpitations, GI disturbances

Question 24

AWS - Stage 2

Answer 24

24 hours onward: increased systolic BP, diaphoresis, tachypnoea, confusion, mild hyperthermia

Question 25

AWS - stage 3

Answer 25

3-10 days onward: disorientation, impaired attention, delusions, paranoia, visual hallucinations, convulsions

Question 26

Alcohol addiction screening tool

Answer 26

CAGE -
C- Cut down thoughts?
A- Annoyed ay criticism?
G- Guilt about drinking?
E- Eye opener need? - drink at beginning of day

Question 27

Alcohol assess + intervention

Answer 27

-MSE + vitals
-Medication as prescribed to treat withdrawal symptoms
-CIWA tool per shift

Question 28

Medications for alcohol withdrawal

Answer 28

Diazepam
Antiemetic
Paracetamol
Thiamine