Addictions Flashcards
What is addicition
Continued involvement or compulsion with an activity, behaviour or substance
Addiction risk factors
Aggressive behaviour in childhood
Lack of parental supervision
Poor social skills
Drug experimentation
Community poverty
Mental disorders
Protective factors
Good self control
Parental monitoring and support
Positive relationships
Academic competence
School anti-drug policies
Neighborhood pride
Genetic factors in addiction
Account for 40-60% of a persons vulnerability to addiction
Mental disorders and addiction
People with mental disorders are at greater risk of drug abuse and addiction
Dopamine and Addiction
Drugs targer the brains pleasure center, dopamine increases are exaggerated and communication is altered
Types of drugs
Stimulants
Depressants
and/or Hallucinogens
Harms - the 5 L’s
Liver
Lover
Livelihood
Law
Losing it
BGL and Alcohol
-small amount of alcohol -> BGL rises
-large amount of alcohol -> BGL decreases
therefore, any alcohol has an effect on glycaemic control
Alcohol and Sulfonylureas interference
Alcohol causes a disulfiram-like reaction by causing flushing, dizziness, nausea and tachycardia
Most commonly abused prescripton drugs
benzodiazepines
opioids
ritalin
Nursing assessment
-screening for substance use
-LISTEN
-quantity, frequency, route and length of use
-what they use
-typical day in the life
Cycle of change
pre contemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
relapse
pre-contemplation
no intention of changing behaviour
contemplation
aware a problem exists, no commitment to action
preparation
intent upon taking action
action
active modification of behaviour
maintenance
sustained change - new behaviour replaces old
relapse
fall back into patterns of old behaviour
Recovery framework
CHIME - connectedness, hope, identity, meaning and purpose, empowerment
Interventions
Harm reduction
Intoxication management
Detox (hospital v community)
Education
Rehabilitation: councilling, CBT
E-interventions: apps, support groups
Case Management
Alcohol withdrawal risk
Delirium tremens (DT) - medical emergency that occurs in heavy drinkers 24-72 hours after last ingestion
Alcohol withdrawal symptoms - stage 1
within 24 hours: anxiety, tremor, insomnia, headache, heart palpitations, GI disturbances
AWS - Stage 2
24 hours onward: increased systolic BP, diaphoresis, tachypnoea, confusion, mild hyperthermia
AWS - stage 3
3-10 days onward: disorientation, impaired attention, delusions, paranoia, visual hallucinations, convulsions
Alcohol addiction screening tool
CAGE -
C- Cut down thoughts?
A- Annoyed ay criticism?
G- Guilt about drinking?
E- Eye opener need? - drink at beginning of day
Alcohol assess + intervention
-MSE + vitals
-Medication as prescribed to treat withdrawal symptoms
-CIWA tool per shift
Medications for alcohol withdrawal
Diazepam
Antiemetic
Paracetamol
Thiamine
