Addiction

Question 1

Nicotine Cause

Answer 1

Acetylcholine nicotinic receptor
Releases dopamine in brain regions that control movement, resulting in addiction.
Stimulates adrenal glands, releases epinephrine, causes release of glucose and increased bp, respiration, and heart rate.

Question 2

Nicotine Treatment

Answer 2

Nicotine gum, nasal spray produce less severe psychological alterations.
Buropion, prevents nicotine from activating brain reward circuitry through the receptor.

Question 3

Alcohol Cause

Answer 3

Easily absorbed in blood stream and decreases function of NMDA receptors, leading to coma.
Activates endogenous opioid system, provides similar feelings as opioids.

Question 3

Alcohol Treatments

Answer 3

Naltrexone, meant for heroin addiction, blocks the receptors.

Question 4

Marijuana Cause

Answer 4

THC binds to cannabinoid receptors (a lot in hippocampus), which coordinate movement.
Poor short-term memory and problems processing complex information.
Increases amount of dopamine released in brain reward system and mimic effects of endogenous opioids.

Question 5

Opiates Cause

Answer 5

Increase amount of dopamine released in the brain reward system, mimic endogenous opioids.

Question 6

Opioids Treatment

Answer 6

Methadone: prevents craving, withdrawal, relapse
Naloxone, blocks opiate receptors
Buprenorphine, used for heroin addiction.

Question 7

Psychostimulants (cocaine, amphetamines) Cause

Answer 7

Elevate dopamine in specifc brain regions.