Addiction Flashcards
what are some physical signs of addiction?
skin picking - face red blistering
aging
poor hygiene
what is described as hazardous use of drugs?
use of drugs other than directed
what is described as harmful use of drugs?
Use resulting in problems at work/home or legal problems
Use in risky situations (e.g. driving)
Continued use despite adverse consequences
what is described as dependence of drugs?
Compulsion
Stereotyped pattern
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Relief usage
Salience of behaviour
why do we tackle addiction individually?
by reducing individuals addiction problems you can reduce the population which will decrease the amount of hospital admissions per year
why are AUDIT’s conducted?
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test in patients
what is ABV? ABV %?
ALCOHOL BY VOLUME
amount of pure alcohol as a percentage of the total volume of liquid in a drink and can be found on the labels of cans and bottles
how do you calculate drink units?
(total drink volume (ml) x ABV%)/1000
what’s the definition of addiction?
repeated powerful motivation to engage in an activity with no survival value
acquired through experience with that activity
despite the harm or risk of harm it causes
whats the definition of impulsivity?
Inability resist urges, act without foresight
whats the definition of positive reinforcement?
Stimulus (drug) increases probability further drug taking
whats the definition of negative reinforcement?
Removal of stimulus (withdrawal) increase probability further drug taking
whats the definition of compulsivity?
Repetitive behaviour despite adverse consequences
Reduces stress, anxiety, tension
addiction is due to behaviour syndrome, what does this mean?
dyscontrol, salience and neuroadaptation to the brain + compulsive behaviour
what symptoms do you experience when withdrawing from substances?
termour, nausea, sweating and vomiting
why do you experience withdrawal symptoms?
as there is a removal of substance there’s an increase in noradrenaline which induces these symptoms
what are the areas that are responsible for addiction?
basal ganglia
prefrontal cortex
extended amygdala
how does the following areas of the brain impact addiction?
basal ganglia
- nucleus accumbens =MOTIVATION/ REWARD
- dorsal striatum = HABITS/ROUTINE
prefrontal cortex
- planning, prioritising, managing time and decisions
- control over substance taking
extended amygdala
- withdrawal: unease, anxiety
why is the nucleus accumbens important?
as it puts drug seeking into motion before conscious initiation
what are the issues that result from addiction?
family childhood issues if the user has children
sexual abuse
violent abuse
sexual working to pay for addiction costs
substance use disorders (SUD)
poor physical and mental health
how is alcohol withdrawals managed?
thiamine
chlordiazepoxide
how can we prevent relapse of alcohol addiction?
support groups
disulfiram
naltrexone
nalmefene
?baclofen
how can we prevent relapse of opioid addiction?
support groups
naltrexone
how is opioid withdrawals managed?
lofexidine
how is opioid harm reduced?
naloxone
name the drugs responsible for each of the following
