Addiction

Question 1

what are some physical signs of addiction?

Answer 1

skin picking - face red blistering
aging
poor hygiene

Question 2

what is described as hazardous use of drugs?

Answer 2

use of drugs other than directed

Question 3

what is described as harmful use of drugs?

Answer 3

Use resulting in problems at work/home or legal problems
Use in risky situations (e.g. driving)
Continued use despite adverse consequences

Question 4

what is described as dependence of drugs?

Answer 4

Compulsion
Stereotyped pattern
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Relief usage
Salience of behaviour

Question 5

why do we tackle addiction individually?

Answer 5

by reducing individuals addiction problems you can reduce the population which will decrease the amount of hospital admissions per year

Question 6

why are AUDIT’s conducted?

Answer 6

Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test in patients

Question 7

what is ABV? ABV %?

Answer 7

ALCOHOL BY VOLUME

amount of pure alcohol as a percentage of the total volume of liquid in a drink and can be found on the labels of cans and bottles

Question 8

how do you calculate drink units?

Answer 8

(total drink volume (ml) x ABV%)/1000

Question 9

what’s the definition of addiction?

Answer 9

repeated powerful motivation to engage in an activity with no survival value
acquired through experience with that activity
despite the harm or risk of harm it causes

Question 10

whats the definition of impulsivity?

Answer 10

Inability resist urges, act without foresight

Question 11

whats the definition of positive reinforcement?

Answer 11

Stimulus (drug) increases probability further drug taking

Question 12

whats the definition of negative reinforcement?

Answer 12

Removal of stimulus (withdrawal) increase probability further drug taking

Question 13

whats the definition of compulsivity?

Answer 13

Repetitive behaviour despite adverse consequences
Reduces stress, anxiety, tension

Question 14

addiction is due to behaviour syndrome, what does this mean?

Answer 14

dyscontrol, salience and neuroadaptation to the brain + compulsive behaviour

Question 15

what symptoms do you experience when withdrawing from substances?

Answer 15

termour, nausea, sweating and vomiting

Question 16

why do you experience withdrawal symptoms?

Answer 16

as there is a removal of substance there’s an increase in noradrenaline which induces these symptoms

Question 17

what are the areas that are responsible for addiction?

Answer 17

basal ganglia
prefrontal cortex
extended amygdala

Question 18

how does the following areas of the brain impact addiction?

Answer 18

basal ganglia
- nucleus accumbens =MOTIVATION/ REWARD
- dorsal striatum = HABITS/ROUTINE
prefrontal cortex
- planning, prioritising, managing time and decisions
- control over substance taking
extended amygdala
- withdrawal: unease, anxiety

Question 19

why is the nucleus accumbens important?

Answer 19

as it puts drug seeking into motion before conscious initiation

Question 20

what are the issues that result from addiction?

Answer 20

family childhood issues if the user has children
sexual abuse
violent abuse
sexual working to pay for addiction costs
substance use disorders (SUD)
poor physical and mental health

Question 21

how is alcohol withdrawals managed?

Answer 21

thiamine
chlordiazepoxide

Question 22

how can we prevent relapse of alcohol addiction?

Answer 22

support groups
disulfiram
naltrexone
nalmefene
?baclofen

Question 23

how can we prevent relapse of opioid addiction?

Answer 23

support groups
naltrexone

Question 24

how is opioid withdrawals managed?

Answer 24

lofexidine

Question 25

how is opioid harm reduced?

Answer 25

naloxone

Question 26

name the drugs responsible for each of the following

Answer 26