ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY Flashcards

1
Q

Goal of adaptive immunity

A

Antibody production

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2
Q

antigen is introduced

A

Active immunity

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3
Q

antibody is introduced

A

Passive immunity

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4
Q

infection, natural exposure

A

Natural active

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5
Q

vaccination

A

Articial active

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6
Q

mother to fetus

A

natural passive

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7
Q

injection of artificial sera/antibody

A

artificial passive

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8
Q

yellowish milk from mother

A

Colostrum

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9
Q

2 types of adaptive immunity

A
  1. Humoral branch

2. Cellular branch

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10
Q

Cellular branch

A
  • T lymphocytes

- viral and fungal infections

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11
Q

Humoral branch

A
  • B lymphocytes

- primary defense against bacterial infection

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12
Q

lymphocyte not involved in adaptive immunity

A

NK Cells

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13
Q

not an end cell

A

lymphocyte

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14
Q

site of maturation of T cell

A

thymus

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15
Q

site of maturation of B cell

A

Bone marrow

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16
Q

site for antigen dependent lymphopoiesis

A

Secondary lymphoid organs

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17
Q

site of spleen that contains mainly of T cells only

A

PALS (Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths

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18
Q

antigen independent lymphopoiesis

A

Bone marrow

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19
Q

thymocytes

A

immature T cells

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20
Q

site of lymph nodes that contains mainly of t cells

A

Paracortex

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21
Q

site of B cells in lymph nodes

A

Follicles & germinal centers

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22
Q

MALT

A

Mucocutaneous Associated Lymphoid Tissue

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23
Q

CALT

A

Cutaneous Associated Lymphoid Tissue

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24
Q

represents 60 to 80% of circulating lymphocytes in the peripheral blood

A

T Lymphocytes

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25
Q

NORMAL Ratio of CD 4+: CD 8+ cells

A

2:1

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26
Q

in HIV, ratio of CD 4+ : CD 8+ cells

A

1:2 or 0.5:1

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27
Q

AIDS CD 4+ cell count

A

< 200 cells /uL

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28
Q

receptor for MHC Class II molecules

A

CD 4

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29
Q

receptor for MHC Class I

A

CD 8

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30
Q

Part of T cell antigen-receptor complex

A

CD 3

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31
Q

sheep red blood cell receptor , classical T cell surface marker

A

CD 2

32
Q

Normal CD 4 count

A

500 to 1,300 cells/uL

33
Q

Double negative thymocytes

A

Lack CD 4 and CD 8 markers

34
Q

express both CD 4 & CD 8

A

Double positive thymocytes

35
Q

stage of T lymphocyte capable of producing cytokines / lymphokines

A

Sensitized T cells

36
Q

T cells with CD 25

A

Activated T cells

37
Q

lacks CD 4, CD 8, & CD 3

A

triple negative thymocytes

38
Q

lacks CD 4, CD 8, & CD 3 that are immature T cells

A

triple negative thymocytes

39
Q

20- 35 % of lymphocytes in preipheral blood

A

B cells

40
Q

functions of B cells

A
  1. Ab production

2. Ag presentation

41
Q

rearrangement of genes on chromosome 14 w/c codes for the heavy chain part of the antibody molecule

A

Pro- B cells

42
Q

chromosome 2 & 22

A

light chain

43
Q

immature B cells Ab

A

IgM

44
Q

mature B cells Ab

A

IgM

IgD

45
Q

CARTWHEEL NUCLEUS

A

Plasma cells

46
Q

formation of another blast

A

Blastogenesis

47
Q

B cell markers

A

CD 19 & CD21

48
Q

T cell markers

A

CD 3, CD3, CD4, CD8

49
Q

marker for Pre-B CALLA (Common acute lymphoblastic leukemia)

A

CD10

50
Q

receptor of EBV

A

CD21

51
Q

+CD16, 56, 94

A

NK cells

52
Q

most frequently used method for obtaining lymphocytes is density gradient centrifugation with _____

A

Ficoll-Hypaque

53
Q

cell flow cytometry uses

A

optical light scatter

54
Q

forward light angle

A

cell size

55
Q

side/ orthogonal scatter

A

cell granularity

56
Q

forward high LS

A

REFRACTIVE INDEX OF CELLULAR COMPONENTS

57
Q

forward low LS

A

size or volume

58
Q

Rosette technique is for

A

T cells

59
Q

substances that stimulate cell division

A

Mitogens

60
Q

kind of mitogen that stimulates both T cell & B cells

A

pokeweed

61
Q

5-10% of total lymphocyte population

A

3rd population/ Natural Killer cell

62
Q

once NK cells are activated by IL-2 they are now called

A

LGL (Large Granular Lymphocytes)

63
Q

refers to substance that reacts with Ab or sensitized T cells but may not be evoke an immune response in the 1st place

A

Antigens

64
Q

refers to substance that is capable of inducing immune response

A

Immunogens

65
Q

MW of immunogen

A

10,000 Daltons

66
Q

most immunogenic composition

A

Protein

67
Q

key portion of immunogen or determinant site

A

Epitope

68
Q

part of antibody that binds to the epitope

A

paratope or Fab

69
Q

not immnogenic alone but if added with carrier becomes immunogenic

A

Haptens

70
Q

common examples of haptens

A

Drugs and therapeutic hormones

71
Q

enhance immune response

A

Adjuvants

72
Q

MHC found on short arm of chromosome

A

6

73
Q

MHC definition

A

proteins found on surface of cells

74
Q

MHC class III examples

A
  1. complement proteins such as C4a, C4b, and C2

2. Cytokines such as TNF-alpha

75
Q

chain structure of MHC Class I

A

Alpha chain &

B2 microglobulin