Adaptions 4

Question 1

differnet types of relatiions within an ecosytem and who beneifst

Answer 1

Mutualism (+/+)both benefit

Commensalism (+/0)-One benefits, the other is not harmed

Predation (+/-)–One hunts and kills another

Parasitism (+/-)–Obtaining nutrients from a host causing harm, but not death

Amensalism (0/-)—One experiences negative effect while other is not harmed

Competition (-/-)–Competing for the same resources

Question 2

Food webs

Answer 2

A network of feeding relationships that shows the flow of energy and matter

Arrows represent the flow of every

Question 3

Food chains

Answer 3

Food chains can be used to represent feeding relationships

Each link is referred to a trophic level

10% of energy is transferred, where 90% is lost as heat energy

Question 4

in a food chain, how much enegry is transferred and how much enegry is lost

Answer 4

Each link is referred to a trophic level

10% of energy is transferred, where 90% is lost as heat energy

Question 5

Keystone species

Answer 5

Keystone species play a role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem by influencing stability of an ecosystem, such as the recycling of nutrients.

Question 6

What are the 2 keystone classifactions

Answer 6

Two classifications:
Apex Predator
Ecosystem engineer

Question 7

Provide an example of a key stone specifes, what they do and how removing these animals effects the ecoystem

Answer 7

Termites – they are among the few larger soil organisms able to break down cellulose from plants

They return essential nutrients into the soil

Removing termites impacts plant matter as they receive less nutrients from the soil. Less plants will impact herbivores and other organisms in the food chain.

Question 8

How do aborginal people indetiyf that its going t be wet or a wet season so that they can move places so that they can identify that they need to make cloths

Answer 8

they look for signs of moisture eg, mushrooms growing and af

Question 9

What 3 things do aborignal epople look out for to determine the season compared to what trdiationally used

Answer 9

Aborginal people use:
1. The plants eg. mushrooms
2. Stars
3. Sky

Nowadaays instead we use calenders which are based of the type of animals/the quainaity of certian animals present in a season, the orientation of the moon nad the sun

Question 10

Why is it that the obroginal methhod to find the season is more benefical than our human way to identify the seasons.

Answer 10

; the change in season is marked by the progression of the natural environment and not a specific date like us.

Question 11

Cultural burning/why is it done

Answer 11

Is where the bottom of the tree is burned to prevent bush fires from occurring and overtime these trees adapt to the burns

Question 12

What happens if aborignals didnt do culture bruning

Answer 12

if the bototm of the trees arent burned and it rains, because the plant is dry bushfires will occur

Question 13

What kind of relationship is cultural burning and why

Answer 13

is a mutalistic relationship as the aboriginals wuld get more resoucres and the trees wont burn down.

Question 14

Benefit of cultural burning/how has it impacted biodiviersity

Answer 14

Culture burning has increased the bio diveristy of environments and stimulated the growth of food plants

Question 15

What are structural, physiologicla and behaviorualadaptions of euctalypus trees

Answer 15

1. Behavioral:They shed part of their canopy to reduce their water intake which is needed in high heat
2. Physiological: he waxy coating on their leaves reduce water loss
3. strucural:
   drought tolerant by having very small leaves (even microscopic) with the stems carrying out photosynthesis

Question 16

What are structural, physiologicla and behaviorualadaptions of yam flowers

Answer 16

strucural- brihgtly coloured to attract beesfor reproduction

Physiological: Yam daisys have tubers so water stored in tubes to allows water to be saved in their stems

Behavioural: All plant shoots grow quickly towards the light to maximise photosynthesis

Question 17

Compare western burning and baroignal cutlure burning

Answer 17

The main difference between these two types of burning is their purpose. Western burning is done to reduce the risk of wildfires, while Baroignal cultural burning is done to promote biodiversity and cultural heritage.

Question 18

What is the importance of key stone species

Answer 18

contribute to the “balance of nature” and biodiversity because if it is removed from a system, the ecosystem may change drastically and healthy ecosystems need a keystone to function.

Question 19

What is a population seperated by?

Answer 19

population is seperated by barriers such as land masss and sea

Question 20

What is the effect of population being seperated by barriers such as land mass and sea

Answer 20

the effect of population being seperated by barriers such as land mass and sea is that there is no gene flow thus there is no genetic variation

Question 21

Why do aborignal people use cultural burning

Answer 21

1. to control and stimulate plant growth
2. clear shrubs from grassland
3. reduce the intensity and extent of wildfires

Question 22

Rather than days on calenders and months, how do the abroignal poeple dtermine the seasons

Answer 22

1. the movement of the stars at night and changes in weather to identify changes in season2
   2.

Question 23

How did the aboringla people determine that certain fruits are about to ripen and how certain animals will become more active

Answer 23

The flowering of specific plant species may indicate that certain animals, such as certain birds or insects, will return or become more active.

The return of migratory birds may signify that certain fruits are about to ripen

Question 24

Apex predators

Answer 24

animals at the very end of the food chain because they hunt other animals but arent hunted themselves

Question 25

ecosystem enginner

Answer 25

an organism that creates, changes, or destroys a habitat

Question 26

compare the diffenrt types of consuemrs eg secondary pirmary etc..

Question 27

ecology

Answer 27

study of how organisms interact with eachother and the environment

Question 28

k selection

Answer 28

types of reprooductive stiragery where the number of orgnaism srpeorudcted is low but those species produced are taken very good care of to increrese their chance of survivial eg humans

Question 29

r selection

Answer 29

type of reproductive strageyr where lots of offpsring aer proudced more reugarly but they dont takeas god care fo thier offpsring like eggs or frogs

Question 30

why is excessive salianity problem for plants and how can it be fixed

Answer 30

excessive salanity in soil for plants can cause water loss. However, water loss can be prevented by closing guard cells to prevetnwater loss frm the stomata and having sunken stomata to create a humid enviornment

Question 31

2 main rreaosns for coutnre current exhcnage

Answer 31

maintains body temp and prevent heat loss

Question 32

A shark is an apex predator of the ecosystem and they hunt prey such as sea lions and seals. If the sharks go extinct, how will this affect the ecosystem. List two ways.

Answer 32

inter comeption dcreases for sealliosn and seals but the intraspecific comeptiotn for sea lions and seals increases

increased numerofsealiosnand seals