Adaptations to Aerobic Exercise (Lec 9)

Question 1

Acute Responses to Aerobic Exercise

Answer 1

• Blood pressure (SBP increases, DBP remains same)
• Redistribution of blood flow
• Oxygen consumption

Question 2

EPOC

Answer 2

Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption:

• Increase HR and ventilation
• Replenishing Mb stores
• Increase body temp.
• Anabolic Processes

Question 3

Aerobic Training: Central Adaptations

Answer 3

Increase Q (cardiac output)
•	Reduced HR at rest and during exercise
•	Increased SV
•	Increased plasma volume
•	Increased blood flow to skeletal muscles

Question 4

Aerobic Training: Peripheral Adaptations

Answer 4

Increase a-vO2 difference
•	Increased mitochondria
•	Increased capillary density
•	Increased oxidative capacity of muscle fibres
•	Increased myoglobin content

Question 5

Central Adaptations: Heart Rate

Answer 5

Reduced at rest and during submaximal exercise, permits greater filling time

Question 6

Central Adaptations: Stroke Volume

Answer 6

Increases with training due to increased left ventricular volume and mass

Question 7

Central Adaptations: Plasma Volume

Answer 7

Increased EDV and SV

Question 8

Central Adaptations: Blood Volume

Answer 8

Reduced Splanchnic and Renal blood flow, allowing greater muscle blood flow

Question 9

Peripheral Adaptations: Mitochondria

Answer 9

Increased size and number, increased oxidative enzymes

Question 10

Peripheral Adaptations: Capillaries

Answer 10

Increased number of capillaries due to increased sheer stress (pressure) on capillaries, results in increased O2 delivery

Question 11

Peripheral Adaptations: Fibre Type

Answer 11

Type IIx -> Type IIa -> Type I

Question 12

Peripheral Adaptations: Myoglobin

Answer 12

Small increase in intramuscular myoglobin content

Question 13

Aerobic Performance

Answer 13

Determined by:

1. v-O2 max
2. Critical Power
3. Economy

Question 14

Aerobic Performance: v-O2 max

Answer 14

• The highest rate that oxygen can be taken up and used by the body during exercise
• A result of both central and peripheral adaptations to training

Question 15

Aerobic Performance: Critical Power (CP)

Answer 15

Maximum Intensity at which work can be sustained indefinitely

Question 16

Ventilatory Threshold

Answer 16

Intensity of exercise where a non-linear increase in VE is observed

• Increase CO2
• Increase H+

Question 17

Lactate Threshold

Answer 17

Intensity of exercise where lactate begins to accumulate in the blood

• Lactate production outstrips utilisation
• Associated with increase H+

Question 18

Training to Improve Anaerobic Threshold

Answer 18

Largely peripheral adaptations
•	Increased capillary density
•	Increased mitochondria
•	Changes in LDH and PDH enzymes
•	Decreased lactate production
•	Increased myoglobin content
•	Increased fat utilisation