Adaptation to training Flashcards
what are the two types of training and their associated forces
resistance / strength training = higher muscle forces
endurance training = higher number of contractions
what is the muscle’s adaptation to resistance training
hypertrophy (increased CSA)
what does hypertrophy result in
increased sarcomeres in parallel within pre existing myofibrils
what is the difference in gains between males and females
relative gains in muscle are similar between males and females
males have larger muscles and greater strength at baseline than females
what is the response in pennation angle and fascicle length to resistance training
both increase
what is the muscle’s adaptation to endurance training
muscles still produce force to accelerate the body so there is some hypertrophy (not as much as resistance)
which fibres dominate with each type of training
high intensity/velocity + low volume = more type II + hypertrophy
low intensity/velocity + high volume = more type I + lower CSA due to lower force requirements
what does the % of slow fibres correlate to
VO2 max
middle and long distance running performance
what does the % of fast fibres correlate to
1RM snatch and jump performance in olympic weightlifters
what are the differences in muscles in athletes and gen pop due to
both genetics and training
what is the function of ACTN3 (alpha actinin 3)
found in fast muscle fibres
associated with power
involved with binding actin to the z disc
how does ACTN3 show the role of genetics in performance
ACTN3 is almost always presetn in elite power athletes
R577X polymorphism (associated with complete ACTN3 deficiency) is more prevalent in elite endurance athletes
can muscle deficits be reversed with training
muscle size and strength can be restored to a certain extent
not clear if other muscle propertires like ECM content and intramuscular fat can be restored to baseline
