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Animal Diversity unit 2 > AD lab practical 2 > Flashcards

AD lab practical 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Annelida characteristics

A

metamerism; Complete mouth-to-anus digestive tract w muscular walls; High degree of cephalization

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2
Q

what type of circulatory system do annelids have?

A

closed

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3
Q

what is metamerism?

A

segmentation

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4
Q

what classes are in annelida?

A

Errantia and Sedentaria

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5
Q

what animals are in class Errantia?

A

motile polychaetes

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6
Q

what animals are in Class Sedentaria?

A

sedentary polychaetes, earthworms, leeches

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7
Q

where does Class Errantia live?

A

marine - mud and debris of shallow water, mucus lined burrows

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8
Q

Class Errantia characteristics

A

similar to basal ancestral annelid; move thru undulating movements; have parapodia, setae, specialized head in 2 parts

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9
Q

what are the names of the specialized head in Errantia? (2)

A

peristominum and prostomium

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10
Q

what are parapodia?

A

bristle bearing appendages for movement and respiration

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11
Q

what are setae?

A

bristles

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12
Q

what is peristomium?

A

bears pharynx (jaws, mouth) and sensory tentacles

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13
Q

what is prostomium?

A

bears sensory structures for touch, taste, vision

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14
Q

Class Sedentaria morphology characteristics

A

contain Clitellata which are Lumbricidae (earthworms) and Hirundinidae (leeches)

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15
Q

what animals are in Class Sedentaria?

A

feather duster and Xmas tree worms

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16
Q

Class Sedentaria characteristics

A

parapodia for feeding; burrowing or tube dwelling

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17
Q

Chaetopteridae characteristics

A

Secretes U-shaped parchment tube that it filters water thru w its parapodia

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18
Q

what animals are in Chaetopteridae?

A

parchment worm

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19
Q

Clitellata - family Lumbricidae characteristics

A

clitellum; 1st 4 segments make up head; monoecious

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20
Q

Clitellata - family Lumbricidae segment characteristics

A

1st segment = peristomium bears mouth; Prostomium -overhangs peristomium, no specialized sensory structures (atypical of annelids)

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21
Q

Clitellata - Family Hirudinidae characteristics

A

predacious fluid feeders; free-living or ectoparasitic; 2 suckers for movement and host adhesion; each segment divided into 1-5 parts

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22
Q

Platyhelminthes characteristics

A

bilateral, protostomes, triploblastic, monoecious, organized nervous system w cephalization; complex excretory system; parenchyma fills mesodermal space

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23
Q

what happens in excretory system of Platyhelminthes?

A

flame cells and tubules for waste removal; acoelomates

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24
Q

what is parenchyma?

A

muscle fibers and loose tissues

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25
Q

class Turbellaria, planarian characteristics

A

free-living, FW; auricles, 2 ocelli, muscular pharynx; move w cilia and secrete mucus path

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26
Q

class Turbellaria, planarian digestive tract characteristics

A

GVC w no anus, waste out thru mouth; triclad intestines for full body food distribution

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27
Q

what are triclad intestines?

A

1 anterior and 2 posterior trunks

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28
Q

class Turbellaria, planarian excretion and osmoregulation characteristics

A

has excretory canals and protonephridia

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29
Q

what are protonephridia?

A

flagellated flame cells at pores on sides of body, excrete waste

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30
Q

class Turbellaria, planarian nervous system characteristics

A

ladder shaped - 2 nerve cords w transverse nerves acting as rungs between nerve cords; ocelli

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31
Q

Class Trematoda: Flukes characteristics

A

tegument, syncytium, acetabulum; monoecious; body for reproduction

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32
Q

what is a tegument?

A

body covering w 2 suckers

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33
Q

what is a syncytium?

A

cytoplasmic mass w many nuclei

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34
Q

what is an acetabulum?

A

ventral sucker

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35
Q

Class Trematoda: Human Blood Fluke characteristics

A

dioecious; female live in gynecophoric canal in male; responsible for schistosomiasis (snail fever)

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36
Q

Class Cestoda: Tapeworm characteristics

A

no digestive tract or circulatory system; have proglottids which form strobila; scolex is oldest and produces proglottids; multiple host lifecycle

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37
Q

How do tape worms absorb nutrients and oxygen in their body?

A

thru syncytium

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38
Q

Class Cestoda: Tapeworm anatomy

A

body is mainly reproductive male and female organs; self fertilizing

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39
Q

Class Cestoda: Tapeworm anatomy - proglittid types

A

gravid, mature, immature

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40
Q

what are gravid proglottids?

A

reproductive area, largest

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41
Q

what are mature proglottids?

A

ready for reproduction, medium sized

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42
Q

what are immature proglottids?

A

not ready for reproduction, smallest

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43
Q

Phylum Arthropoda Characteristics

A

jointed appendages; waxy chitinous exoskeleton; segmented body divided into tagmata; true coelom, cephalization, bilateral

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44
Q

what animals are in Subphylum Chelicerata?

A

horseshoe crabs, sea spiders, scorpions, spiders, ticks

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45
Q

Subphylum Chelicerata characteristics

A

no mandibles, 2 tagmata (cephalothorax, abdomen); 1st pair of appendages modified into chelicerae; 2nd pair are pedipalps

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46
Q

Subphylum Chelicerata - Class Merostomata characteristics

A

blood has amoebocytes that help screen vaccines and IV fluids for contaminants

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47
Q

what animals are Subphylum Chelicerata - Class Merostomata?

A

horseshoe crabs

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48
Q

Subphylum Chelicerata: Class Arachnida - characteristics

A

carnivorous; terrestrial marine FW, segments fused into cephalothorax, head w paired chelicerae and pedipalps, 4 pairs of legs, respire w book lungs

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49
Q

what are Subphylum Chelicerata: Class Arachnida?

A

spiders, scorpions, allies

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50
Q

Subphylum Chelicerata: Class Arachnida: Order Araneae characteristics

A

cephalothorax and abdomen joined by pedicel, 6 - 8 eyes; fang on end of chelicerae, pedipalps modified for sperm transfer, leg sections, spinnerets

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51
Q

Order Opiliones - harvestmen characteristics

A

No webs, silk, venom; 2 eyes, broad connection between cephalothorax and abdomen, not true spiders

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52
Q

Subphylum Chelicerata: Class Arachnida: Order Ixodida characteristics

A

ectoparasites; cause Lyme disease, rocky mountain spotted fever, red meat allergy; distribution limited by climate

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53
Q

where do Subphylum Chelicerata: Class Arachnida: Order Ixodida live?

A

in wooded areas and bushes

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54
Q

what are Subphylum Chelicerata: Class Arachnida: Order Ixodida?

A

ticks

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55
Q

what are Chelicerate: class Pcynogonida?

A

sea spiders

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56
Q

Chelicerate: class Pcynogonida characteristics

A

marine, can have large legs, polar gigantism, several eyes, long proboscis for feeding

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57
Q

Subphylum Crustacea Characteristics

A

gill breathing, 2 pairs of antennae and maxillae on head; body tagmata are cephalothorax and abdomen

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58
Q

Subphylum Crustacea: Class Malacostraca: Order Decapoda - Characteristics

A

FW omnivores, 1st pair of legs into chelipeds; limbs ex of serial homology

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59
Q

what are chelipeds?

A

limbs bearing large claws

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60
Q

what is serial homology?

A

evolution of series of structures all homologous to each other but modified for different purposes

61
Q

Subphylum Crustacea: Class Malacostraca: Order Decapoda - Cambarus Characteristics

A

limbs started as walking legs, but diff regions modified for diff functions; swimmerets, chelipeds, maxillae

62
Q

Class Malacostraca Order Isopoda characteristics

A

Marine, FW, brackish; Includes pill bugs

63
Q

Class Branchiopoda Order Anostraca (Branchinecta)

A

fairy shrimp; have 11 appendages and swim
“upside-down”

64
Q

Class Branchiopoda Order Diplostraca (Daphnia):

A

water fleas, FW

65
Q

Class Copepoda - Copepods (Cyclops):

A

FW, brackish

66
Q

Class Ostracoda - Ostracods (Cypris):

A

Bears transparent bivalved carapace resembling tiny clams (convergent evolution)

67
Q

Class Thecostraca (Cirripedia) Barnacles (Lepas):

A

sessile filter feeders, look like mollusks

68
Q

crustacean development - brine shrimp: Nauplius characteristics

A

Median ocellus, 3 pairs of appendages, unsegmented trunk

69
Q

crustacean development - brine shrimp: Metanauplius characteristics

A

1st and 2nd maxillae present; some thoracic segmentation

70
Q

crustacean development - brine shrimp: Protozoea characteristics

A

7 pairs of appendages present (2 pairs of maxillipeds); compound eyes begin development

71
Q

crustacean development - brine shrimp: Zoea characteristics

A

3rd pair of maxillipeds present; compound eye development complete; several thoracic segment

72
Q

crustacean development - brine shrimp: Mysis characteristics

A

Most/all 19 adult body segments present; 11 pairs of appendages; digestive tract visible in transparent form

73
Q

Subphylum Hexapoda, Class Insecta characteristics

A

3 pairs of walking legs, 3 tagmata (head thorax, abdomen), respiratory system of tracheal tubes, 1/2 sets of wings; most abundant species

74
Q

ORDER COLEOPTERA – TRUE BEETLES characteristics

A

forewings modified into hardened elytra, hard exoskeleton, holometabolous, most species rich insect

75
Q

ORDER DIPTERA – THE TRUE FLIES characteristics

A

Diptera = “two wings”; 1 pair of wings - hindwings reduced to structures called halteres, provide midair maneuverability; holometabolous

76
Q

what insects are in order Diptera?

A

Flies, midges, and mosquitos

77
Q

ORDER HEMIPTERA – TRUE BUGS characteristics

A

mouthparts adapted for piercing and sucking = rostrum; triangular structure called scutellum visible on back (not covered by wings); Hemimetabolous

78
Q

ORDER HYMENOPTERA characteristics

A

large colonies w single breeding queen; 2 pairs of wings when present; holometabolous

79
Q

what insects are in Order Hymendoptera?

A

ants, bees, wasps

80
Q

what insects are in Order Lepidoptera?

A

butterflies, moths, skippers

81
Q

ORDER LEPIDOPTERA characteristics

A

functional wings covered w small scales; mouthparts comprised of coiled tube; holometabolous

82
Q

what insects are in Order Odonata?

A

damselflies, dragonflies

83
Q

ORDER ODONATA characteristics

A

carnivorous, short antennae, aquatic larvae, long and slender abdomen, hemimetabolous - incomplete metamorphosis

84
Q

what insects are in Order Orthoptera?

A

grasshoppers, locusts, crickets

85
Q

ORDER ORTHOPTERA characteristics

A

winged herbivores, hemimetabolous - incomplete metamorphosis; complex head/mouthpart system

86
Q

complex head/mouthpart system of Orthoptera

A

compound eyes and 3 ocelli, mouthparts made of multiple appendages, mandibles, maxillae, labium, labrum

87
Q

what are mandibles?

A

toothlike structures for chewing

88
Q

what are Maxillae?

A

underneath mandibles, have maxillary palps to move food

89
Q

what is a labium?

A

floor of mouth, labial palps help swallowing

90
Q

what is a labrum?

A

upper lip structure

91
Q

external anatomy characteristics of grasshoppers

A

thorax divided into 3 parts each w walking legs - prothorax, mesothorax, metathorax; tympanum, forewing, hindwings, femur, tibia, tarsus

92
Q

what is a Tympanum?

A

hearing organ on each side of first abdominal segment

93
Q

what is a forewing?

A

leathery for protection

94
Q

what is a hindwing?

A

primary flight wings

95
Q

what insects are in Order Phthiraptera?

A

lice

96
Q

ORDER PHTHIRAPTERA characteristics

A

wingless, large robust mouthparts for chewing, ectoparasitic, hemimetabolous - incomplete metamorphosis

97
Q

what insects are in Order Siphonaptera?

A

fleas

98
Q

ORDER SIPHONAPTERA characteristics

A

wingless, body laterally flattened, jumping behavior, mouthparts developed for sucking blood, ectoparasitic, holometabolous - complete

99
Q

what insects are in Order Trichoptera?

A

caddisflies

100
Q

ORDER TRICHOPTERA characteristics

A

aquatic larvae in cases, presence in stream is indicator of healthy ecosystem, life mostly spent in larval form, adults survive few weeks, holometabolous - complete

101
Q

what insects are in Subphylum Myrapoda - Class Chilopoda?

A

centipedes

102
Q

SUBPHYLUM MYRIAPODA – CLASS CHILOPODA characteristics

A

carnivorous, 1 set of legs/segment, long appendages, fast

103
Q

what insects are in Subphylum Myriapoda - Class Diplopoda?

A

millipedes

104
Q

SUBPHYLUM MYRIAPODA – CLASS DIPLOPODA

A

millipedes, herbivorous, 2 sets of legs/segment, short appendages, slow

105
Q

PHYLUM NEMATODA characteristics

A

hydrostatically pressurized, monoecious and dioecious, only longitudinal muscles present, covered in think waxy cuticle - nonliving and made of collagen; complete digestive system

106
Q

PHYLUM NEMATODA nervous system characteristics

A

Rudimentary nervous system w nerve ring (functions as brain); Longitudinal lines along length of body; Clusters of nerve fibers- major structure of nematode nervous system

107
Q

PHYLUM NEMATODA, ORDER ASCARIDIDA: ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES characteristics

A

parasitic, common; transmitted thru eggs in human poop that can be visible for years; sexual dimorphism

108
Q

PHYLUM NEMATODA, ORDER ASCARIDIDA: ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES structures

A

mouth w 3 lips, intestine and pharynx

109
Q

PHYLUM NEMATODA, ORDER ASCARIDIDA: ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES male sex organs

A

seminal vesicles, van deferens, testes, curved tail contains spicules that aid in sperm transfer, cloaca

110
Q

PHYLUM NEMATODA, ORDER ASCARIDIDA: ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES female sex organs

A

uterus, oviduct, ovaries, larger than males

111
Q

Turbatrix sp.: vinegar eels characteristics

A

free-living nematodes in fermented fruit juices

112
Q

Necator sp.: hookworm characteristics

A

parasites w larval form that hooks into underside of hosts feet

113
Q

Trichinella spiralis characteristics

A

Parasite found in undercooked pork or wild game; larvae encyst in host tissues forming nurse cells by tricking body to form collagenous wall and veins

114
Q

Enterobius sp.: pinworms characteristics

A

most common parasite in US, little/no effects but difficult to get rid of

115
Q

OTHER PSEUDOCOELOMATES: Phylum Nematomorpha characteristics

A

Long, hair-like; adults free-living; larvae parasites of arthropods

116
Q

OTHER PSEUDOCOELOMATES: Phylum Acanthocephala characteristics

A

parasitic worms ID’ed by spiny proboscis that attaches to hosts’ intestinal walls

117
Q

OTHER PSEUDOCOELOMATES: Phylum Rotifera characteristics

A

Defined by ciliated discs (corona); specialized foot containing pedal gland for sticking to objects; Large and bulbous specialized pharynx (mastax) for grinding food particles; FW

118
Q

MICROMETAZOANS Phylum Gastrotricha characteristics

A

fast, small, used ventral cilia to move; covered in short, curved spines; can survive in anaerobic environments

119
Q

MICROMETAZOANS - Phylum Tardigrada characteristics

A

small, can enter state of anhydrosis (1% water) known as tun

120
Q

PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA characteristics

A

deuterostomes, pentaradial symmetry, larvae are bilateral; dermal, calcareous endoskeleton; have pedicellariae to pinch things that settle on them; breath using dermal branchiae

121
Q

what are Echinoderms?

A

brittle stars, sand dollars, cucumbers, stars and urchins

122
Q

what is a dermal, calcareous endoskeleton?

A

series of fused plates and spines

123
Q

PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA WVS characteristics

A

series of tubes that use water pressure to aid in moving and food gathering

124
Q

what are dermal branchiae?

A

small projections between spaces of their skin

125
Q

what animal is in Class Asteroidea?

A

sea stars

126
Q

CLASS ASTEROIDEA characteristics

A

5+ arms, oral-aboral flattening, intertidal and benthic, carnivorous - coral, crabs, mollusks, worms; regenerate limbs, dioecious; bilateral larvae

127
Q

Bilaterally symmetrical larvae =

A

bipinnaria

128
Q

CLASS ASTEROIDEA: EXTERNAL ANATOMY

A

Madreporite plate, adjacent 2 arms: bivium, 3 opposite arms: trivium; spines, tube feet, ambulacrum

129
Q

what is a Madreporite plate?

A

take in water to WVS

130
Q

what are spines on a sea star?

A

small calcareous extensions surrounded by pedicellaria

131
Q

what are tube feet on a sea star?

A

muscular and filled w fluid, for movement

132
Q

what is an Ambulacrum on a sea star?

A

groove containing tube feet

133
Q

CLASS ASTEROIDEA: INTERNAL ANATOMY terms

A

Ambulacral ridge, ampullae, gonads, pyloric cecum, radial canal, ring canal, stomach, stone canal

134
Q

what is an Ambulacral ridge?

A

hard ridge in between

135
Q

what is an Ampullae?

A

bulbs that extend outward to tube feet

136
Q

what is a Pyloric cecum?

A

digestive gland that secretes enzymes and performs digestion

137
Q

what is a Radial canal?

A

connects to ampullae

138
Q

what is a ring canal?

A

circular tube that disperses water to each arm thru radial canals

139
Q

what is the stomach in sea stars?

A

pyloric and cardiac stomachs; feed by everting stomach into bivalves

140
Q

what is a stone canal?

A

hard tube that connects madreporite to ring canal

141
Q

what animal is in Class Echinoidea?

A

sea urchins

142
Q

CLASS ECHINOIDEA characteristics

A

no arms, extended spines; elongated tube feet in rows following ambulacral plates; herbivorous - algae and kelp; use Aristotle’s lantern for feeding; test (shell); Bilaterally symmetrical larvae = plutei

143
Q

what animals are in Class Holothuroidea?

A

sea cucumbers

144
Q

CLASS HOLOTHUROIDEA characteristics

A

elongated, leathery body forms - 5 ambulacral grooves along body; no arms and spines, have tube feet; madreporite is internal, canal system opens into coelomic cavity, use coelomic fluid instead of water in WVS; pentaradial; can expel intestines in self defense

145
Q

how do sea cucumbers breath?

A

thru butt, pumping water into respiratory tree connected to cloaca

146
Q

what animals are in Class Ophiuroidea?

A

brittle stars

147
Q

CLASS OPHIUROIDEA characteristics

A

5 arms sharply marked of from central disc, arms broken into vertebral ossicles for flexibility, move by twisting arm movements and not feet; carnivorous, reclusive

148
Q

what animals are in Class Crinoidea?

A

sea lilies, feather stars

149
Q

CLASS CRINOIDEA: SEA LILIES AND FEATHER STARS characteristics

A

have aboral stalk that attaches to substrate; anus on oral surface; branching arms in 5s; ~600 living species

Animal Diversity unit 2 (4 decks)

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