Acyl Chlorides Flashcards
Functional group
What is important about Cl
COCl
It is a leaving group
Nomenclature for carboxylic acids
Prefix is the number of C with -noyl chloride on the end
E.g. ethanoyl chloride
Synthesis of acyl chlorides equation
Visible product
ROH + PCl5 —> RCOCl + POCl3 + HCl
HCl is produced in misty fumes
Conditions for the synthesis of acyl chlorides
Anhydrous as both reagents react with water
PCl5 reagent
List the reactions acyl chlorides do
With water
With alcohols
With concentrated ammonia
With amines
Acyl chlorides with water reaction equation
Visible product
RCOCl + H2O —> RCOOH + HCl
HCl in misty fumes
Conditions of acyl chloride to carboxylic acid
Cold water
Mechanism for acyl chlorides with water
On OneNote
Equation for acyl chlorides reacting with alcohols
Visible product and organic product
R1COCl + R2OH —> R1COOR2 + HCl
HCl misty fumes
Ester
Conditions for alcohols reacting with acyl chlorides
Room temperature
Equation for the reaction between acyl chlorides and ammonia
Visible product
Name of organic product
RCOCl + NH3 —> RCONH2 + HCl
HCl in misty fumes
Amide
Further reaction after initial reaction of acyl chloride and ammonia
With inorganic product
NH3 + HCl —> NH4Cl
Overall equation (both equations together) for acyl chloride and ammonia
CH3COCl + 2NH3 —> CH3CONH2 + NH4Cl
Mechanism for initial reaction of acyl chlorides and ammonia
On OneNote
Equation for the reaction of Acyl Chlorides and primary amines
Visible product
Organic product
RCOCl + RNH2 —> RCONHCH3 + HCl
HCl forms misty fumes
N-methyl amide
