Acute Renal Failure Flashcards
What is the definition of acute renal failure (ARF)?
The sudden loss of kidney function to excrete toxins and regulate fluid and electrolytes
Example sentence: The patient was diagnosed with ARF after experiencing a sudden decrease in urine output.
What are some possible causes of ARF?
Infection, obstruction, shock
Additional information: Other causes may include drug toxicity and severe dehydration.
What are the three phases of ARF?
The oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phase.
Additional information: Each phase has specific clinical manifestations and treatment goals.
During the oliguric phase, what should the nurse expect to see clinically?
This phase lasts 1 to 2 weeks. A low urine output of less than 400 ml per day, hyperkalemia, hypertension, elevated BUN/creatinine levels, and fluid overload.
Example sentence: The patient exhibited signs of fluid overload during the oliguric phase of ARF.
What two electrolytes will be elevated during the oliguric phase?
Sodium and phosphate
Additional information: Monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial during ARF to prevent complications.
What is expected during the diuretic phase?
The urine output slowly returns, hypokalemia, and hypotension.
Example sentence: The patient experienced hypokalemia during the diuretic phase of ARF.
What does the recovery phase mean?
The kidneys are recovering through a slow process. The GFR increases which allows urine output to increase. The BUN and creatinine return to normal.
Additional information: Close monitoring is necessary during the recovery phase to prevent relapse.
Which is the best diet for a client with ARF?
Healthy carbs, low protein, and low sodium
Additional information: Dietary modifications play a crucial role in managing ARF and promoting kidney function.
