acute phase response Flashcards
What is the acute phase response?
A rapid inflammatory response to injury or infection characterized by changes in plasma protein levels, immune cell activity, and metabolic alterations.
True or False: The acute phase response is always harmful to the body.
False: The acute phase response is a protective mechanism that helps the body to heal.
Name one key protein that increases during the acute phase response.
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Fill in the blank: The acute phase response is primarily mediated by __________.
cytokines
What role do cytokines play in the acute phase response?
Cytokines are signaling proteins that mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis.
Which organ is primarily responsible for producing acute phase proteins?
The liver
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT an acute phase protein? A) Fibrinogen B) Albumin C) Serum amyloid A D) C-reactive protein
B) Albumin
What is the function of fibrinogen in the acute phase response?
Fibrinogen aids in blood clotting and is involved in the inflammatory response.
True or False: The acute phase response can be measured by testing levels of specific proteins in the blood.
True
What is the typical time frame for the acute phase response to occur after an injury?
Within hours to a few days.
Fill in the blank: The acute phase response is often associated with __________ symptoms.
systemic
What is one potential complication of an exaggerated acute phase response?
Chronic inflammation or tissue damage.
Multiple Choice: Which cytokine is primarily responsible for initiating the acute phase response? A) IL-1 B) IL-6 C) TNF-alpha D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the acute phase response?
IL-6 stimulates the liver to produce acute phase proteins.
True or False: The acute phase response is only activated in response to infections.
False: It can also be activated by tissue injury, trauma, or stress.
What is the significance of serum amyloid A in the acute phase response?
Serum amyloid A is involved in the recruitment of immune cells to sites of inflammation.
Fill in the blank: The acute phase response can lead to __________ in the body temperature.
fever
What are neutrophils, and what is their role in the acute phase response?
Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that responds quickly to sites of infection or injury.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common clinical marker for the acute phase response? A) Blood glucose B) C-reactive protein C) Hemoglobin D) Cholesterol
B) C-reactive protein
How does the acute phase response affect metabolism?
It leads to increased catabolism of proteins and lipids to provide energy for immune responses.
True or False: The acute phase response can be beneficial in chronic diseases.
False: It can exacerbate chronic diseases.
What is the relationship between the acute phase response and autoimmune diseases?
The acute phase response may be dysregulated in autoimmune diseases, contributing to inflammation.
Fill in the blank: The acute phase response is part of the __________ immune system.
innate
What does the term ‘acute phase proteins’ refer to?
Proteins whose levels change significantly in response to inflammation.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a clinical application of measuring acute phase proteins? A) Diagnosing infections B) Monitoring disease activity C) Evaluating treatment responses D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the effect of the acute phase response on appetite?
It often leads to decreased appetite.
