2nd line def

Question 1

What is the second line of defense in the immune system?

Answer 1

The second line of defense refers to the innate immune response that acts when pathogens breach the skin and mucous membranes.

Question 2

True or False: The second line of defense is specific to particular pathogens.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Name one component of the innate immune system.

Answer 3

Phagocytes

Question 4

What role do phagocytes play in innate immunity?

Answer 4

Phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens and debris.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: The second line of defense includes inflammatory responses and _______.

Answer 5

fever

Question 6

What is the primary function of natural killer (NK) cells?

Answer 6

To destroy infected or cancerous cells.

Question 7

True or False: Innate immunity provides long-lasting protection.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What type of proteins are involved in the innate immune response that can kill pathogens?

Answer 8

Antimicrobial proteins

Question 9

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the second line of defense? A) Phagocytes B) Antibodies C) Inflammatory response D) Fever

Answer 9

B) Antibodies

Question 10

What is the purpose of the inflammatory response?

Answer 10

To localize and eliminate the source of injury or infection.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The process by which white blood cells move to the site of infection is called _______.

Answer 11

chemotaxis

Question 12

What triggers the fever response in the body?

Answer 12

The release of pyrogens by immune cells.

Question 13

True or False: The second line of defense includes memory cells.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

What are cytokines?

Answer 14

Signaling proteins released by immune cells that affect the behavior of other cells.

Question 15

Multiple Choice: Which type of cell is primarily responsible for the phagocytosis of pathogens? A) B cells B) T cells C) Macrophages D) Neutrophils

Answer 15

C) Macrophages

Question 16

What is the main characteristic of innate immunity?

Answer 16

It is non-specific and responds quickly to a wide range of pathogens.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: Inflammation is characterized by ______, heat, redness, and swelling.

Answer 17

pain

Question 18

What is the role of complement proteins in the innate immune response?

Answer 18

To enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens.

Question 19

True or False: The second line of defense can adapt to new pathogens.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

What is a common outcome of the inflammatory process?

Answer 20

Increased blood flow to the affected area.

Question 21

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a sign of inflammation? A) Increased appetite B) Swelling C) Decreased temperature D) Fatigue

Answer 21

B) Swelling

Question 22

What type of immunity is provided by the second line of defense?

Answer 22

Innate immunity

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The innate immune response is activated within ______ hours of infection.

Answer 23

24

Question 24

What type of cells are involved in the recognition of pathogens in the innate immune system?

Answer 24

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on immune cells.

Question 25

True or False: The second line of defense includes physical barriers like skin.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

What is the role of dendritic cells in innate immunity?

Answer 26

To capture and present antigens to adaptive immune cells.