2nd line def Flashcards
What is the second line of defense in the immune system?
The second line of defense refers to the innate immune response that acts when pathogens breach the skin and mucous membranes.
True or False: The second line of defense is specific to particular pathogens.
False
Name one component of the innate immune system.
Phagocytes
What role do phagocytes play in innate immunity?
Phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens and debris.
Fill in the blank: The second line of defense includes inflammatory responses and _______.
fever
What is the primary function of natural killer (NK) cells?
To destroy infected or cancerous cells.
True or False: Innate immunity provides long-lasting protection.
False
What type of proteins are involved in the innate immune response that can kill pathogens?
Antimicrobial proteins
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the second line of defense? A) Phagocytes B) Antibodies C) Inflammatory response D) Fever
B) Antibodies
What is the purpose of the inflammatory response?
To localize and eliminate the source of injury or infection.
Fill in the blank: The process by which white blood cells move to the site of infection is called _______.
chemotaxis
What triggers the fever response in the body?
The release of pyrogens by immune cells.
True or False: The second line of defense includes memory cells.
False
What are cytokines?
Signaling proteins released by immune cells that affect the behavior of other cells.
Multiple Choice: Which type of cell is primarily responsible for the phagocytosis of pathogens? A) B cells B) T cells C) Macrophages D) Neutrophils
C) Macrophages
What is the main characteristic of innate immunity?
It is non-specific and responds quickly to a wide range of pathogens.
Fill in the blank: Inflammation is characterized by ______, heat, redness, and swelling.
pain
What is the role of complement proteins in the innate immune response?
To enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens.
True or False: The second line of defense can adapt to new pathogens.
False
What is a common outcome of the inflammatory process?
Increased blood flow to the affected area.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a sign of inflammation? A) Increased appetite B) Swelling C) Decreased temperature D) Fatigue
B) Swelling
What type of immunity is provided by the second line of defense?
Innate immunity
Fill in the blank: The innate immune response is activated within ______ hours of infection.
24
What type of cells are involved in the recognition of pathogens in the innate immune system?
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on immune cells.
True or False: The second line of defense includes physical barriers like skin.
False
What is the role of dendritic cells in innate immunity?
To capture and present antigens to adaptive immune cells.
