acute phase proteins Flashcards
What are acute phase proteins?
Acute phase proteins are a class of proteins whose levels increase or decrease in response to inflammation.
True or False: Acute phase proteins are produced by the liver.
True
Name one common acute phase protein.
C-reactive protein (CRP)
What is the primary function of C-reactive protein?
To bind to phosphocholine on dead or dying cells and some bacteria, activating the complement system.
Fill in the blank: Acute phase proteins are primarily regulated by ______.
cytokines
Which cytokine is most associated with the acute phase response?
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
What happens to albumin levels during the acute phase response?
Albumin levels typically decrease.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT an acute phase protein? A) Fibrinogen B) Albumin C) Haptoglobin D) Ferritin
B) Albumin
How do acute phase proteins assist in the immune response?
They enhance opsonization, complement activation, and the recruitment of immune cells.
True or False: The levels of acute phase proteins can be used as biomarkers for inflammatory diseases.
True
What role does haptoglobin play in the acute phase response?
Haptoglobin binds free hemoglobin released from erythrocytes, preventing kidney damage and iron loss.
Fill in the blank: The acute phase response is part of the ______ immune response.
innate
Which acute phase protein is involved in iron sequestration during inflammation?
Ferritin
What is the significance of increased fibrinogen levels?
Increased fibrinogen levels enhance blood clotting during inflammation.
True or False: Acute phase proteins can only increase in concentration during an infection.
False
What is the general time frame for the acute phase response to occur after an injury or infection?
Typically within hours to days.
Name one condition that can cause elevated levels of acute phase proteins.
Infection, trauma, or autoimmune diseases.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following proteins is considered a negative acute phase protein? A) C-reactive protein B) Serum amyloid A C) Albumin D) Fibrinogen
C) Albumin
What is Serum Amyloid A (SAA) associated with?
It is associated with the acute phase response and can form amyloid deposits in chronic inflammatory conditions.
Fill in the blank: The acute phase response is characterized by changes in the ______ of various proteins.
concentration
What does a high level of CRP indicate?
It indicates the presence of inflammation in the body.
True or False: Acute phase proteins can only be produced in response to bacterial infections.
False
What is the role of complement proteins in relation to acute phase proteins?
Complement proteins work alongside acute phase proteins to enhance the immune response.
How can the levels of acute phase proteins be measured?
They can be measured through blood tests.
What is the clinical relevance of monitoring acute phase proteins?
Monitoring helps assess the severity of inflammation and the response to treatment.
