1st line def Flashcards
What is the first line of defense in the immune system?
The first line of defense is composed of physical and chemical barriers that prevent pathogens from entering the body.
True or False: Innate immunity is specific to particular pathogens.
False
Which of the following is NOT part of the first line of defense? A) Skin B) Mucous membranes C) Antibodies D) Saliva
C) Antibodies
Fill in the blank: The skin acts as a mechanical barrier to pathogens due to its __________.
thickness and keratinized layer
What role do mucous membranes play in innate immunity?
Mucous membranes trap pathogens and contain antimicrobial substances.
True or False: Tears and saliva contain enzymes that can destroy bacteria.
True
What is the function of cilia in the respiratory tract?
Cilia help to move mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract.
Which chemical barrier is found in the stomach that helps to kill pathogens?
Gastric acid (hydrochloric acid)
Name one physical barrier of the first line of defense.
Skin
What is the primary function of the first line of defense?
To prevent the entry of pathogens into the body.
True or False: The first line of defense includes the inflammatory response.
False
What type of immunity does the first line of defense represent?
Innate immunity
Which of the following is a chemical barrier? A) Skin B) Mucus C) Sweat D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a sticky substance that traps pathogens in the respiratory tract.
mucus
What is an example of a natural antimicrobial found in saliva?
Lysozyme
True or False: The first line of defense can adapt to new pathogens.
False
What is the role of the skin’s normal flora in innate immunity?
They compete with pathogens for resources and space, helping to prevent infections.
Which part of the body has a high concentration of antimicrobial peptides?
Skin
What does the term ‘innate’ imply in innate immunity?
It is the body’s first response to all pathogens, not specific to any particular one.
What is the significance of the pH of the skin?
The slightly acidic pH helps to inhibit the growth of pathogens.
Fill in the blank: The __________ in the gastrointestinal tract helps to break down food and kill pathogens.
gastric acid
True or False: The first line of defense is always active.
True
What is the function of sweat in the first line of defense?
Sweat contains antimicrobial substances and helps to wash away pathogens.
Which of the following is a major component of mucus? A) Water B) Lipids C) Proteins D) All of the above
A) Water
What type of cells are primarily involved in the physical barrier of the skin?
Epithelial cells
True or False: The first line of defense includes memory cells.
False
