1st line def

Question 1

What is the first line of defense in the immune system?

Answer 1

The first line of defense is composed of physical and chemical barriers that prevent pathogens from entering the body.

Question 2

True or False: Innate immunity is specific to particular pathogens.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT part of the first line of defense? A) Skin B) Mucous membranes C) Antibodies D) Saliva

Answer 3

C) Antibodies

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The skin acts as a mechanical barrier to pathogens due to its __________.

Answer 4

thickness and keratinized layer

Question 5

What role do mucous membranes play in innate immunity?

Answer 5

Mucous membranes trap pathogens and contain antimicrobial substances.

Question 6

True or False: Tears and saliva contain enzymes that can destroy bacteria.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is the function of cilia in the respiratory tract?

Answer 7

Cilia help to move mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract.

Question 8

Which chemical barrier is found in the stomach that helps to kill pathogens?

Answer 8

Gastric acid (hydrochloric acid)

Question 9

Name one physical barrier of the first line of defense.

Answer 9

Skin

Question 10

What is the primary function of the first line of defense?

Answer 10

To prevent the entry of pathogens into the body.

Question 11

True or False: The first line of defense includes the inflammatory response.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

What type of immunity does the first line of defense represent?

Answer 12

Innate immunity

Question 13

Which of the following is a chemical barrier? A) Skin B) Mucus C) Sweat D) All of the above

Answer 13

D) All of the above

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a sticky substance that traps pathogens in the respiratory tract.

Answer 14

mucus

Question 15

What is an example of a natural antimicrobial found in saliva?

Answer 15

Lysozyme

Question 16

True or False: The first line of defense can adapt to new pathogens.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What is the role of the skin’s normal flora in innate immunity?

Answer 17

They compete with pathogens for resources and space, helping to prevent infections.

Question 18

Which part of the body has a high concentration of antimicrobial peptides?

Answer 18

Skin

Question 19

What does the term ‘innate’ imply in innate immunity?

Answer 19

It is the body’s first response to all pathogens, not specific to any particular one.

Question 20

What is the significance of the pH of the skin?

Answer 20

The slightly acidic pH helps to inhibit the growth of pathogens.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The __________ in the gastrointestinal tract helps to break down food and kill pathogens.

Answer 21

gastric acid

Question 22

True or False: The first line of defense is always active.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is the function of sweat in the first line of defense?

Answer 23

Sweat contains antimicrobial substances and helps to wash away pathogens.

Question 24

Which of the following is a major component of mucus? A) Water B) Lipids C) Proteins D) All of the above

Answer 24

A) Water

Question 25

What type of cells are primarily involved in the physical barrier of the skin?

Answer 25

Epithelial cells

Question 26

True or False: The first line of defense includes memory cells.

Answer 26

False