Acute Neuro

Question 1

what supplies blood to the brain?

Answer 1

Internal Carotid Arteries

Vertebral Arteries

Question 2

Describe the meninges

Answer 2

Pia mater -
Arachnoid mater -
Dura mater -

Question 3

main function of the occipital lobe

Answer 3

vision

Question 4

main function of the parietal lobe

Answer 4

somatosensory cortex

Question 5

main function of the temporal lobe

Answer 5

hearing and balance

Question 6

main functions of the frontal lobe

Answer 6

motor cortex

cognition

Question 7

what are the main functions of the cerebellum

Answer 7

balance, movement, posture

Question 8

dorsal column

Answer 8

fine touch and pressure sensation

Question 9

anterolateral tract

Answer 9

pain sensation

Question 10

corticospinal tract

Answer 10

voluntary motor function

Question 11

in what demographic are strokes most common

Answer 11

adults over 65

slightly more common in males

Question 12

what kind of cell injury is most common in strokes?

Answer 12

ischemic

usually a thrombotic or embolic event

Question 13

thrombotic vs embolic stroke

Answer 13

thrombosis = clot forms in brain
embolism = clot from body travels to brain or brain blood supply artery

Question 14

what is likely to lead to thrombotic stroke?

Answer 14

atherosclerosis - stiffening of vessels

hypercoagulability

Question 15

what is likely to lead to embolic stroke?

Answer 15

cardiac dysrhythmias create stasis that enables clot to form

carotid arteries get smaller as they ascend, so clot that did not occlude aorta can travel and occlude carotid

Question 16

what is the most common clinical presentation of stroke?

Answer 16

middle cerebral - lateral cerebrum

motor and sensory loss on opposite side of body and speech abnormality

Question 17

clinical presentation of posterior cerebral stroke (occipital)

Answer 17

visual disturbance

Question 18

clinical presentation of vertebro-basilar stroke

Answer 18

visual disturbance

disturbance of gait

Question 19

typical stroke

Answer 19

contralateral paralysis, weakness, or sensory loss
dysphagia - difficulty swallowing
aphasia - difficulty speaking
usually involves middle cerebral artery
can have long term consequences if not treated quickly

Question 20

Aneurysm vs AVM

Answer 20

aneurysm - bulges form in vessels that become susceptible to rupturing
AVM - extreme pressure is put on vessel walls

Question 21

epidural hematoma

Answer 21

forms between the skull and dura mater

Question 22

subdural hematoma

Answer 22

forms between arachnoid membrane and dura mater

Question 23

what happens to brain during intracranial hematoma

Answer 23

pressure on brain

landmarks displaced - may be off center

Question 24

what causes epidural hematoma?

Answer 24

blunt force trauma to the temple

blood comes from middle meningeal artery

Question 25

what causes subdural hematoma?

Answer 25

shearing forces

blood comes from bridging veins

Question 26

lucent interval

Answer 26

brief period of improvement in patient condition after TBI

seen in epidural hematoma

Question 27

what is the difference in onset between epidural and subdural hematoma?

Answer 27

epidural hematoma onset often characterized by lucent period

subdural hematoma onset often slow, sometimes weeks

Question 28

cushing triad

Answer 28

indicates that herniation is going to occur
bradycardia
widened pulse pressure = elevated systolic
irregular respiration

Question 29

what is the most common cause of meningitis?

Answer 29

bacterial infection

Question 30

what is the most common cause of encephalitis?

Answer 30

viral pathogen

Question 31

clinical presentation of meningitis vs encephalitis

Answer 31

meningitis characterized by headache, fever, stiff neck

encephalitis is flu-like - malaise, body aches, fever, also stiff neck